2.2 Ionic Bonding

• What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds
• How are ions formed from atoms?

  When atoms lose or gain electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  A sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium one plus ion
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve stability by having a full outer shell
• What is the charge of a chloride ion formed from chlorine?

  One minus
• What is the significance of the square brackets around ions in ionic compounds?

  They indicate the ions have full outer shells of electrons
• What type of forces attract the oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound?

  Electrostatic forces
• How strong is an ionic bond compared to a covalent bond?

  Similar in strength
• What is a dot and cross diagram used for?

  • To represent ionic bonding
  • Dots represent electrons from one atom
  • Crosses represent electrons from another atom
  • Shows the movement of electrons with arrows
• What should you include when drawing a dot and cross diagram?

  Electrons of one atom as dots and the other as crosses
• What is the general rule for electron movement in ionic bonding?

  Electrons move from the metal to the non-metal
• How do you draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)?

  1. Draw magnesium with two outer electrons
  2. Draw two chlorine atoms with seven outer electrons each
  3. Show magnesium giving one electron to each chlorine
  4. Resulting ions: magnesium two plus and two chloride one minus
  5. Arrange ions as they would be in a real compound
• What is the charge of a magnesium ion after it loses its electrons?

  Two plus
• How many chloride ions are formed when magnesium chloride is created?

  Two chloride ions
• How are the chloride ions arranged around the magnesium ion in the dot and cross diagram?

  On either side of the magnesium ion
• What is the purpose of using arrows in dot and cross diagrams?

  To show the movement of electrons
• What is the main focus of the video discussed in the study material?

  How particles bond together through ionic bonds
• What should you do if asked to draw only the outermost shell in a dot and cross diagram?

  Only draw the outermost electrons
• What happens to the electrons of magnesium when it forms an ionic bond with chlorine?

  Magnesium loses two electrons to the chlorines
• Why is it important to show every electron shell in a dot and cross diagram?

  To clearly illustrate the electron transfer process