2.3 Ionic Compounds

• What is ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonding involves a metal atom transferring electrons to a non-metal atom to form oppositely charged ions.
• What happens to sodium and chlorine during ionic bonding?

  Sodium transfers one or more electrons to chlorine, forming sodium and chloride ions.
• How do ionic compounds form in real life?

  Ionic compounds generally involve many ions that alternate in a three-dimensional lattice structure.
• What is a regular lattice structure in ionic compounds?

  • A three-dimensional arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions
  • Each ion is attracted to all surrounding ions
• How can ionic compounds be represented visually?

  Ionic compounds can be represented with ball and stick diagrams showing different ions and their ionic bonds.
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  Ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points and can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water.
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  High melting and boiling points are due to the strong ionic bonds that require a lot of energy to break.
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water, allowing ions to move freely.
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.
• How does magnesium chloride differ from sodium chloride in terms of ionic charges?

  Magnesium chloride has a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge and requires two chloride ions to balance it.
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  The formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl₂.
• How do you determine the formula of more complex ionic compounds?

  • Identify the charges of the ions involved
  • Use the lowest common multiple to balance the charges
  • Write the formula using the correct number of each ion
• Why do we use brackets in the formula for calcium hydroxide?

  Brackets indicate that the subscript applies to the entire hydroxide ion, not just to hydrogen.
• What is the formula for aluminium sulfate?

  The formula for aluminium sulfate is Al₂(SO₄)₃.
• What is the charge of the sulfate ion?

  The charge of the sulfate ion is SO₄^2-.
• What is the charge of the hydroxide ion?

  The charge of the hydroxide ion is OH^-.
• What is the charge of the aluminium ion?

  The charge of the aluminium ion is Al³⁺.
• What is the charge of the magnesium ion?

  The charge of the magnesium ion is Mg²⁺.
• What is the charge of the sodium ion?

  The charge of the sodium ion is Na⁺.
• What is the charge of the chloride ion?

  The charge of the chloride ion is Cl^-.
• What is the charge of the potassium ion?

  The charge of the potassium ion is K⁺.
• What is the charge of the calcium ion?

  The charge of the calcium ion is Ca²⁺.
• What is the charge of the barium ion?

  The charge of the barium ion is Ba²⁺.
• What is the charge of the strontium ion?

  The charge of the strontium ion is Sr²⁺.
• What is the charge of the silver ion?

  The charge of the silver ion is Ag⁺.
• What is the charge of the lithium ion?

  The charge of the lithium ion is Li⁺.
• What is the charge of the zinc ion?

  The charge of the zinc ion is Zn²⁺.
• What is the charge of the iron(II) ion?

  The charge of the iron(II) ion is Fe²⁺.
• What is the charge of the lead(II) ion?

  The charge of the lead(II) ion is Pb²⁺.
• What is the charge of the iron(III) ion?

  The charge of the iron(III) ion is Fe³⁺.
• What is the charge of the lead(IV) ion?

  The charge of the lead(IV) ion is Pb⁴⁺.
• What is the charge of the chromium(III) ion?

  The charge of the chromium(III) ion is Cr³⁺.
• What is the charge of the manganese(II) ion?

  The charge of the manganese(II) ion is Mn²⁺.
• What is the charge of the cobalt(II) ion?

  The charge of the cobalt(II) ion is Co²⁺.
• What is the charge of the nickel(II) ion?

  The charge of the nickel(II) ion is Ni²⁺.
• What is the charge of the copper(I) ion?

  The charge of the copper(I) ion is Cu⁺.
• What is the charge of the copper(II) ion?

  The charge of the copper(II) ion is Cu²⁺.
• What is the charge of the silver(I) ion?

  The charge of the silver(I) ion is Ag⁺.