4.4 The Reactivity Series & Displacement Reactions

• What is the focus of today's video?

  The reactivity series of metals and their reactions with acids and water
• What do metals have in common regarding their electron arrangement?

  They have electrons in the outermost shell that they want to get rid of
• What does the reactivity of a metal refer to?

  How easily it forms positive ions
• Which group of metals is the most reactive?

  Group 1 metals
• Why are carbon and hydrogen included in the reactivity series?

  As references to compare the metals against
• What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?

  It forms a salt and hydrogen gas
• What would happen if potassium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

  It would form potassium chloride and hydrogen gas
• How does the reactivity of metals change down the reactivity series?

  The reactions become less violent
• What is observed when magnesium reacts with acid?

  It produces lots of bubbles as the solid metal disappears
• Which metals do not react with acids at all?

  Iron and copper
• How can we measure the reactivity of metals in reactions?

  By measuring the temperature change of the reactions
• What is necessary for a fair test when comparing metal reactivity?

  Using the same mass and surface area of metal samples
• What do metals form when they react with water?

  Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
• Which metals do not react with water?

  Zinc, iron, and copper
• What happens when magnesium is placed in iron sulfate solution?

  Magnesium displaces iron to form magnesium sulfate and iron
• What occurs when copper is added to iron sulfate solution?

  Nothing happens because copper is less reactive than iron
• What is the reactivity series of metals?

  • A list that ranks metals based on their reactivity
  • Most reactive: Group 1 metals
  • Less reactive: Group 2 metals
  • Least reactive: Transition metals
  • Includes carbon and hydrogen for comparison
• What are the steps to determine the reactivity of metals?

  1. React each metal with acid or water
  2. Observe the speed and violence of reactions
  3. Measure temperature changes
  4. Ensure fair testing conditions