crash hazards

• What is meant by 'large deceleration'?

  A rapid decrease in speed or velocity
• What are the dangers caused by large decelerations?

  They can lead to injuries or fatalities in collisions
• Why do large decelerations cause dangers?

  They create high forces that can harm occupants
• What are some typical forces involved in road collisions?

  Impact force, frictional force, and gravitational force
• How can knowledge of changes in momentum be used to estimate forces in road collisions?

  By calculating the change in momentum over time
• How do you calculate the force needed to produce a change in momentum in a given time?

  Force = Change in momentum / Time
• What is the formula for calculating force based on momentum change?

  $F =$$\frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$
• What does the symbol $\Delta$ represent in the formula for force?


  It represents a change in a quantity
• How does large deceleration affect the forces experienced by vehicle occupants during a collision?

  It increases the forces acting on them, leading to potential injuries
• What is the learning outcome for understanding crash hazards?

  • Explain the meaning of a 'large deceleration'
  • Describe the dangers caused by large decelerations
  • Explain why large decelerations cause dangers
  • Recall some typical forces involved in road collisions
  • Use knowledge of changes in momentum to estimate the forces involved in road collisions
  • Calculate the force needed to produce a change in momentum in a given time
• What steps should be taken to understand crash hazards?

  1. Explain 'large deceleration'
  2. Describe dangers of large decelerations
  3. Explain why they are dangerous
  4. Recall forces in road collisions
  5. Estimate forces using momentum changes
  6. Calculate force for momentum change