Reproduction System

Created by

Matthew Hurst

Cards (77)

What is the primary purpose of reproduction in living organisms?
To produce offspring for the survival of their species
What is the definition of reproduction?
It is the process by which living organisms generate new individuals of the same kind.
What are the two types of reproduction?
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents.
What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?
Involves one parent
Offspring are genetically identical (clones)
Rapid process
Occurs in unicellular organisms, fungi, some plants, and a few animals
What type of reproduction occurs in Amoeba and bacteria?
Asexual reproduction
What are the steps involved in sexual reproduction?
Gametes produced by meiosis
Male and female gametes fuse during fertilisation
Formation of a zygote
Zygote divides by mitosis to form an embryo
Development into an adult
What are the male and female gametes called?
Male gametes are called sperm, and female gametes are called ova.
What is the role of the ovary in the female reproductive system?
The ovary produces ova and secretes female sex hormones.
What are the main parts of the female reproductive system and their functions?
Fallopian tube: Transports ova and is where fertilisation occurs
Uterus: Where the fetus grows and develops
Cervix: Keeps the neck of the uterus closed during pregnancy
Vagina: Receives the male penis and where sperm is deposited
What is the function of the male testes?
The testes produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.
What are the main parts of the male reproductive system and their functions?
Urethra: Carries semen to the outside of the body
Vas deferens: Carries sperm to the urethra
Epididymis: Stores sperm
Penis: Deposits sperm in the vagina
How are ova produced in females?
Ova are produced in the ovaries and develop from immature ova through meiosis.
How many immature ova mature in a woman's lifetime?
About 450 immature ova will mature in a woman's lifetime.
What is the process of ovulation?
An immature ovum undergoes meiosis.
The Graafian follicle bursts, releasing the mature ovum into the oviduct.
How are sperm produced in males?
Sperm are produced continuously from puberty in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
What are the differences between ova and sperm cells?
Ova: One produced each month, larger, contains yolk, lives for about 24 hours.
Sperm: Thousands produced continuously, smaller, has a tail for swimming, lives for about 2 to 3 days.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a disease resulting from abnormal cells developing and dividing uncontrollably.
What are the common treatments for cancer?
Surgery to remove the tumor
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
What are the types of cancers that can affect the reproductive system?
Ovarian cancer
Cervical cancer
Uterine cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Testicular cancer
What is the menstrual cycle?
The menstrual cycle is a cycle of about 28 days comprising ovulation and menstruation.
What happens during ovulation?
Ovulation is the release of an ovum from an ovary.
What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
A sudden rise in luteinising hormone (LH) triggers ovulation.
What occurs if fertilisation does not happen after ovulation?
The corpus luteum breaks down.
Progesterone secretion decreases.
The uterus lining begins to break down.
What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?
The placenta allows exchange of materials between the mother’s blood and the embryo’s blood.
What are the key characteristics of a developing human embryo?
Hollow ball of cells at 7-10 days
Developing brain, eyes, ears, and organs at 4 weeks
Distinctly human appearance at 8 weeks
All vital organs formed at 10 weeks
What is the typical duration of a human gestation period?
40 weeks or 280 days
What is the tough membrane that forms a sac containing amniotic fluid?
The amnion
What are the key developmental stages of a human embryo/foetus after fertilisation?
7 to 10 days: Hollow ball of cells implanted in the uterus.
4 weeks: Development of brain, eyes, ears, and systems; heart begins to beat.
8 weeks: Distinctly human appearance; vital organs formed; limbs developed.
10 weeks: External genitals appear; fingernails and toenails form; kidneys function.
11 to 38 weeks: Continued growth and maturation of organs.
38 weeks: Birth occurs.
How long is the gestation period considered to last?
40 weeks or 280 days
What triggers the secretion of oxytocin during birth?
The reduction of progesterone secretion by the placenta
What is the role of oxytocin during labor?
It stimulates muscles in the uterus wall to start contracting
What happens to the amnion during labor?
The amnion bursts
What occurs after the baby is born regarding the umbilical cord?
The umbilical cord is clamped and cut
What is the effect of pregnancy on the menstrual cycle?
It prevents menstruation
What are the essential components of prenatal care?
Regular prenatal checkups
Balanced diet with adequate nutrients
Avoidance of harmful substances (drugs, alcohol)
Regular exercise
Attendance at prenatal classes
What are the key aspects of postnatal care for a newborn baby?
Breastfeeding for at least 6 months
Keeping the baby warm and clean
Regular interaction with parents
Regular checkups and vaccinations
Weaning onto solid food
What is the minimum recommended duration for breastfeeding?
6 months
What are the advantages of breastfeeding for the baby?
It provides essential nutrients and antibodies
What are the methods of birth control mentioned in the study material?
Abstinence
Withdrawal
Rhythm method
Spermicides
Condom
Diaphragm
Intra-uterine device (IUD)
Contraceptive pill
Surgical sterilisation