Plant reproduction

• What are the two main types of reproduction in organisms?


  Asexual and sexual reproduction

  
• What is the process of reproduction?

  It is the process that makes more of the same kind of organism
• What is passed onto offspring during reproduction?

  Genetic material (chromosomes/DNA)
• What is a characteristic shown by all living organisms?

  Reproduction
• How does asexual reproduction occur?

  Through the division of body cells in the parent

  
• What is true about the offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

  They are genetically identical to the parent

  
• How do bacteria reproduce asexually?

  By binary fission
• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

  By making spores
• What does a sporangium contain?

  New spores formed by asexual reproduction
• How do potatoes reproduce asexually?

  Using stem tubers
• What is sexual reproduction?

  The production of new individuals by the fusion of a male and female gamete
• What does fertilization produce?

  A zygote that undergoes cell division to develop into an embryo

  
• How are offspring produced through sexual reproduction different from their parents?

  They are genetically different from the parents and each other
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells produced by parents
• What happens during fertilization?

  Two gametes join and their nuclei fuse together

  
• What is the chromosome number in gametes?

  Half the normal number of chromosomes
• What process produces gametes?

  Meiosis
• What type of cells are gametes?

  Haploid cells
• What happens when gametes fuse?

  One set of chromosomes from the mother fuses with one set from the father

  
• What is formed when gametes fuse?

  A diploid cell
• What are the male gametes in animals and plants?

  Sperm cells in animals and nuclei inside pollen grains in plants
• What are the female gametes in animals and plants?

  Egg cells in animals and inside ovules in plants
• What are the two types of cell division mentioned?

  Mitosis and meiosis
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis: Cell replicates ONCE and divides ONCE
  • Meiosis: Cell replicates ONCE and divides TWICE

  
• What is genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

  It is the production of genetically different offspring
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction?

  Advantages of Asexual Reproduction:

  • Quick and efficient
  • No need for a mate

  
  

  Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction:

  • Lack of genetic diversity

  
  

  Advantages of Sexual Reproduction:

  • Genetic variation
  • Adaptability to changing environments

  
  

  Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction:

  • Requires more time and energy
  • Dependence on finding a mate
• How does sexual reproduction benefit farmers in crop plant production?

  It can lead to greater genetic diversity and adaptability in crops
• How does asexual reproduction benefit a population of a species in the wild?

  It allows for rapid population increase
• How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction?

  One parent

  
• How many parents are involved in sexual reproduction?

  Two parents
• Are offspring from asexual reproduction genetically identical or different?

  Genetically identical

  
• Are offspring from sexual reproduction genetically identical or different?

  Genetically different

  
• What type of cell division occurs after the zygote forms in sexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• What type of cell division is used to form gametes?

  Meiosis

  
• Can plants reproduce both asexually and sexually?

  Yes, plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually.
• What is a natural method of asexual reproduction in plants?

  A natural method is through runners.
• How does asexual reproduction occur artificially in plants?

  It occurs when humans control the process, such as taking cuttings.
• What is the process of natural asexual reproduction through runners?

  • Some plants grow side branches called runners.
  • Runners have small plantlets at their ends.
  • Runners are horizontal stems that grow sideways from the parent plant.
  • When they touch the soil, plantlets grow roots and become independent.

  
• What is the method of artificial asexual reproduction using cuttings?

  • Gardeners take cuttings from healthy parent plants.
  • A section with a new bud is cut off.
  • The cutting can be placed in water or soil.
  • Sometimes dipped in rooting powder to encourage root growth.
  • Cuttings grow into genetically identical adult plants.
• What is the advantage of cloning plants through cuttings?

  Plants cloned by cuttings can be produced cheaply and quickly.