Beethoven

• What are the main themes in the piece?

  The first and second themes, plus the six note rising idea from the introduction
• How is the first theme characterized?

  It is a rising, scalic theme
• What features the second theme?

  A theme that rises then falls, including use of ornaments
• What type of passages are included in the piece?

  There are scalic passages, including a descending chromatic scale
• What are some other melodic ideas present in the piece?

  Arpeggios and broken chords
• Why are ornaments important in the melody?

  They enhance the expressiveness of the melody
• Which ornaments are used in theme 2?

  Acciaccaturas and mordents
• What happens just before the recapitulation?

  Trills are used
• How does the development section utilize the first theme?

  It uses ideas from the first theme in lots of different keys
• What is the key of the piece?

  C minor
• What happens in the development section regarding keys?

  The music modulates to different keys
• In which key does the first subject start?

  C minor
• What is unique about the second subject's key?

  It starts in the unexpected key of Eb minor
• What is the relationship between Eb minor and Eb major?

  Eb major is the relative major of C minor
• What distant key does the piece modulate to in the development?

  E minor
• What happens to the first subject in the recapitulation?

  It returns to C minor
• In which key does the second subject initially play during the recapitulation?

  F minor
• What is the subdominant of C minor?

  F minor
• What confirms changes of key throughout the piece?

  Perfect cadences
• What type of harmony is mainly used in the piece?

  Diatonic harmony
• What type of chords are primarily used in the harmony?

  Standard chords of the time
• What is the most dissonant chord available to Beethoven at the time?

  Diminished seventh chord
• What is functional harmony?

  Harmony that uses perfect cadences to announce ends of sections and changes of key
• What type of pedal notes are used in the piece?

  Dominant pedal
• Where is the interrupted cadence found?

  In the introduction at bar 9
• What types of chords are mainly used in the harmony?

  Mainly chords I, IV, and V, with occasional use of ii and vi
• What positions are mainly used for the chords?

  Mainly root position and first inversion chords
• What type of chords are used at cadences?

  Dominant 7th chords
• What type of suspensions are occasionally used?

  1. 8 suspensions
• What progression is found in bars 244-249?

  A circle of fifths progression
• What chromatic chord is used in bar 30?

  Augmented sixth chord
• For which instrument is this piece written?

  Piano
• How does the piano differ from a harpsichord?

  The piano can play both loud and soft
• What would Beethoven have used for greater expression?

  The sustain pedal
• What dynamic possibilities does the piano allow Beethoven to use?

  Extensive use of crescendos, diminuendos, and other dynamic markings
• What type of piano was this piece written for?

  Fortepiano
• How does the fortepiano differ from a modern piano?

  It had a smaller range and less dynamic contrast
• What is the texture of the piece?

  Mainly homophonic
• What type of section is present with a long descending scale?

  A monophonic section
• What does the right hand do halfway through the introduction?

  Plays in octaves