Respiration

• explain the need for respiration?


  to provide energy for metabolic processes
• structure of the mitochondrion?

  mitochondrion:

  A) inner membrane

  B) outer membrane

  C) granules

  D) ribosomes

  E) cristae

  F) intermembrane space

  G) matrix

  H) ATP synthase

  I) DNA

  
• what are some uses of ATP?


  cell division, active transport, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, DNA replication
• Where does glycolysis take place?


  Cytosol
• Glycolysis

  Glycolysis:

  A) Glucose 6 C

  B) 2 ATP

  C) 2 ADP

  D) Phosphorylation

  E) Hexose Bisphosphate 6 C

  F) Lysis

  G) 2 triose phosphate 3 C

  H) 2 NAD

  I) 2 NADH

  J) Oxidation

  K) 4 ADP

  L) 4 ATP

  M) ATP formation

  N) 2 pyruvate 3 C

  
• location of the link reaction


  mitochondrial matrix
• stages of the link reaction

  link reaction:

  A) pyruvate 3 C

  B) CO2 1 C

  C) NAD

  D) reduced NAD

  E) acetate 2C

  F) Coenzyme A

  G) acetyl CoA 2C

  
• Location of the kreb cycle


  mitochondrial matrix
• stages of the Kreb cycle

  kreb cycle:

  A) acetyl CoA

  B) CoA

  C) citrate 6 C

  D) CO2 1C

  E) NAD

  F) Reduced NAD

  G) 5 carbon compound

  H) CO2 1C

  I) NAD

  J) reduced NAD

  K) ADP

  L) ATP

  M) FAD

  N) reduced FAD

  O) NAD

  P) reduced NAD

  Q) oxaloacetate

  
• where do products of the kreb cycle go after?


  CoA - reused in next link reaction

  Oxaloacetate - regenerated for next use in kreb cycle

  CO2 - removed as waste product

  ATP - used for energy

  reduced NAD and FAD - oxidative phosphorylation
• location of oxidative phosphorylation


  intermembrane space and matrix of mitochondria
• stages of oxidative phosphorylation


  reduced coenzymes FAD and NAD are oxidised - form one electron and hydrogen.

  electron moves down electron transport chain, losing energy.

  Hydrogen ions, actively pumped into intermembrane spaced from matrix.

  Electrochemical gradient created.

  Via ATP synthase, hydrogen ions move down the electron chemical gradient to matrix.

  this movement of H+ drives the formation of ATP (chemiosmosis).

  Hydrogen, electron and 1/2 oxygen combine to form water.
• what is known as the final electron acceptor?


  oxygen
• respirometer experiment


  both tubes contain potassium hydroxide which absorbs CO2.

  control tube is same but has beads instead of woodlice - equal mass.

  manometer filled with coloured fluid

  syringe used to set fluid to known level

  left for period of time

  decrease in volume of air in test tube - oxygen consumption by woodlice

  pressure decreases so fluid moves towards tube