Particles

• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• How do particles behave in a solid?

  They vibrate in fixed positions
• How do particles behave in a liquid?

  They flow and fit the shape of the container
• How do particles behave in a gas?

  They move freely and fill the container
• What is density?

  Measure of how close particles are
• What does high density indicate?

  Lots of particles in a small volume
• How is density calculated?

  Density = mass ÷ volume
• What units are used for density?

  kg/m³ or g/cm³
• What is the formula for mass?

  Mass (m) measured in kg
• What is the formula for volume?

  Volume (v) measured in m³ or cm³
• How do you find the density of regular objects?

  1. Measure volume using appropriate calculations
  2. Find mass using a balance
  3. Calculate density using the formula: density = mass ÷ volume
• How can you measure volume more precisely?

  Using a vernier caliper
• What happens to the mass of a substance during a phase change?

  The mass is conserved
• What is melting?

  Transition from solid to liquid
• What is evaporation?

  Transition from liquid to gas at the surface
• What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

  Boiling involves the whole liquid, evaporation does not
• What is kinetic energy in relation to temperature?

  Higher temperature increases average speed of particles
• What causes pressure in gases?

  Gas particles hitting the sides of their container
• How does increasing temperature affect gas pressure if volume is constant?

  It increases the pressure
• How does increasing temperature affect gas volume if pressure is constant?

  It increases the volume
• What is Boyle's Law?

  Pressure x Volume is constant at fixed temperature
• What does inversely proportional mean in relation to pressure and volume?

  When one halves, the other doubles
• What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is opened to the surroundings?

  It changes to equal its surroundings
• What is the relationship between pressure and volume at a fixed temperature?

  They are inversely proportional
• How do gas particles behave when they collide with each other?

  They change direction upon collision
• What happens to gas particles when the volume is decreased?

  They vibrate faster
• What is the definition of accuracy in results?

  Results are close to the expected value
• What is the definition of precision in results?

  Results have a small spread
• What happens when a pressured object is opened?

  Its pressure will change to equal surroundings
• What is the relationship between pressure and volume according to Boyle's Law?

  Pressure x Volume is constant
• What happens to gas pressure when the volume is halved?

  Gas pressure doubles
• What happens to gas pressure when the volume is increased?

  Gas pressure decreases