4-Urban Change in the UK

• What has the lack of investment in Bristol led to

  Has led to inequalities between some areas such as Filwood which has high levels of social deprivation and Stoke Bishop which is a more affluent area
• Education in Filwood


  in 2013, only 36% of students got top grades at GCSE
• Education in Stoke Bishop


  Nearly 50% of the population have a degree or equivalent

  94% of 16yrs old got the highest grades in 5 or more GCSE's including English and Maths
• Health in Filwood


  Death rates from cancer are above average

  Poor access to shops selling fresh vegetables and fruit for a healthy diet
• Health in Stoke Bishop


  Low death rate, despite proportion of older people being 8% higher than the average for Bristol
• What is dereliction?


  Abandoned buildings and wasteland e.g. warehouses.
• What is gentrification


  the process of renovating and improving a house or district by wealthier people
• What are Bristol's environmental challenges

  Dereliction - many industrial buildings no longer used

  Urban sprawl - demand for new homes on the edge of town/rural

  Deindustrialisation - loss of industry resulted in areas becoming run down

  Pollution - air,noise,litter,water
• Why is the solution to dereliction

  Gentrification

  Gentrification is where wealthy people invest in an area to renovate a cheap, run down building into homes, cafe, shops and businesses
• Problem with gentrification


  People who already live there can no longer afford to live in the now affluent areas due to the increase in rent or cost of surrounding business
• An example of an area going from dereliction to gentrification

  Stokes Croft
• How was Stokes Croft improved


  Lottery grant helped improve poor economic activity and environmental decay

  Now we'll-known for music, shops, nightclubs and graffiti

  Protests about gentrification in the area
• How has urban growth led to urban sprawl?

  Growing population and demolition of older slums dwellings have led to increased demand for new housing

  Bristol lost 3200homes and 1800 were badly damaged in WW2

  Private houses were built and the cities boundaries were extended outwards
• What is the solution for urban sprawl


  Build on brownfield sites but if they aren't sanitary or there isn't any then build on greenfield sites
• Example of gentrification on a brownfield site

  Temple Meads

  Fizzles Reach

  Harbourside
• What is Finzels Reach

  A 2hectare brownfield site which has been successfully developed

  Was once a sugar refinery and old brewery buildings but is now a high density development used for: office space, 400 apartments and shops
• What is a green belt?

  Set up to prevent urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe

  Stop the merging of Bristol and Bath
• An example of greenfield site

  South Gloucestershire

  A new development of 1200homes has been built on Land of Harry Stoke
• Why do local people object the Harry Stoke development

  -loss of open space

  -loss of habitats and wildlife

  -impact on existing community services and facilities

  -increased traffic congestion

  -effect on local flood risk
• How many tonnes of waste does Bristol produce per year?

  over 500,000 tonnes
• What are the advantages of building on a brownfield site?

  • land is often disused or in a state of dereliction so any changes are usually an improvement
  • existing buildings can be used
  • control urban sprawl
• What are the disadvantages of building on a brownfield site?

  • expensive to build on because old buildings may need demolishing
  • sites may be contaminated with previous industrial use