Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

• What type of cells undergo mitosis?

  Body cells (somatic)
• Give two examples of body cells that undergo mitosis.

  Skin cells and stomach cells
• What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

  Repair and growth
• What are the stages of mitosis?

  1. Interphase: DNA replicated, cell growth (G₁, S phase, G₂)
  2. Prophase: Chromosomes condense
  3. Metaphase: Chromosomes lined-up in the middle
  4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids pulled away to opposite poles
  5. Telophase: Forms two nuclei
  6. Cytokinesis: Splitting of cytoplasm
• What happens during interphase of mitosis?

  DNA is replicated and the cell grows
• What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

  Chromosomes condense
• What is the position of chromosomes during metaphase of mitosis?

  Chromosomes are lined-up in the middle of the cell
• What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

  Sister chromatids are pulled away to the opposite poles of the cell
• What is formed during telophase of mitosis?

  Two nuclei
• What is cytokinesis in mitosis?

  The actual splitting up of cytoplasm
• What type of cells undergo meiosis?

  Gonads
• What is produced during meiosis?

  Gametes (sperm cells, egg cells)
• How many chromosomes do gametes have?

  23 chromosomes
• What are the stages of meiosis?

  1. Interphase: DNA replication and cell growth
  2. 1st Division:

  • Prophase 1: Chromosomes condense, homologous pairs form, crossing over occurs
  • Metaphase 1: Homologous pairs aligned in the middle
  • Anaphase 1: Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
  • Telophase 1: Forms two nuclei
  • Cytokinesis 1: Cytoplasm divides, forms two daughter cells

  1. 2nd Division:

  • Prophase 2: Spindle fibers form in daughter cells
  • Metaphase 2: Chromosomes positioned in the metaphase plate
  • Anaphase 2: Sister chromatids pulled apart
  • Telophase 2: Spindle fibers release chromatids, cytoplasm divides
• What occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense, homologous pairs form, and crossing over occurs
• What is the position of chromosomes during metaphase 1 of meiosis?

  Homologous pairs are aligned in the middle of the cell
• What happens during anaphase 1 of meiosis?

  Chromosomes are pulled away to the opposite poles of the cell
• What is formed during telophase 1 of meiosis?

  Two nuclei
• What occurs during cytokinesis 1 of meiosis?

  Cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells
• What happens during prophase 2 of meiosis?

  Each daughter cell forms spindle fibers
• What is the position of chromosomes during metaphase 2 of meiosis?

  Chromosomes are positioned in the metaphase plate
• What happens during anaphase 2 of meiosis?

  Sister chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite pole of the cell
• What occurs during telophase 2 of meiosis?

  Spindle fibers release chromatids and cytoplasm divides
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  Mitosis:

  • Body (somatic) cells
  • Primary purpose: repair tissues and promote growth
  • Produces 2 identical daughter cells
  • 1 division process, 1 cytokinesis
  • No crossing over
  • Diploid (2n) = 46 chromosomes

  
  

  Meiosis:

  • Germ cells of gonads
  • Primary purpose: produce gametes
  • Produces 4 different gamete cells
  • 2 division processes, 2 cytokinesis events
  • Crossing over occurs in prophase 1
  • Haploid (n) = 23 chromosomes
• What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

  To produce gametes
• How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?

  4 daughter cells
• How does meiosis increase genetic diversity?

  By producing gametes that are all different
• What is the chromosome number in daughter cells after meiosis?

  23 chromosomes
• What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

  It increases genetic diversity
• What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

  Gamete cells
• What is the chromosome configuration of daughter cells produced by mitosis?

  Diploid (2n) = 46 chromosomes
• What is the difference in the number of divisions between mitosis and meiosis?

  Mitosis has 1 division, while meiosis has 2 divisions
• How many cytokinesis events occur in meiosis?

  2 cytokinesis events
• What type of cells are produced by mitosis?

  Identical daughter cells
• What is the significance of the diploid and haploid states in cell division?

  Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set