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Chemistry
Paper 1
Ions
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Calculating sub atomic particles in ions: For example, the magnesium ion can be represented as
The magnesium ion has an atomic number of 12, therefore it has 12 protons and 12 electrons
But, it has a 2+ charge which means that it has lost two electrons
The mass number of the magnesium ion is 24, so it has 24 - 12 = 12 neutrons
The PEN numbers for the magnesium ion are thus:
protons= 12
electrons = (12 - 2 =) 10
neutrons = (24 - 12 =) 12