1.6 Impacts on technology

• What are the categories of issues created by technology?

  Cultural, Environmental, Ethical, Legal & Privacy issues
• What does the term "Digital Divide" refer to?

  The gap between those with access to modern digital technology and those with limited access
• How can the digital divide be observed in society?

  Through differences in access between cities and rural areas, younger and elderly people, and developed and developing countries
• Why is the digital divide considered an ethical issue?

  Because it leads to uneven international benefits from digital technologies
• Which regions are noted for having limited digital infrastructure?

  Some nations in Africa and Central Asia
• What are the changes to work brought about by technology?

  • Increased ability to work from home
  • Collaborative access to documents outside traditional workplaces
  • Outsourcing jobs to countries with lower labor costs
  • Loss of low-skilled jobs due to automation
  • Creation of new jobs in technology maintenance
• What materials are commonly used to assemble technological devices?

  Plastics, metals, and rare elements
• What are the environmental issues associated with technology?

  Negative effects of producing, using, and discarding computer systems
• How much more energy can an average PC require compared to a fridge?

  Up to 50% more energy per year
• What are the negative environmental impacts of discarded computer components?

  They can lead to land, water, and air pollution due to harmful materials
• What is a drone?

  An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is remotely operated
• What are the uses of drones?

  • Filming and photography
  • Monitoring pollution levels
  • Tracking wildlife
  • Disaster zone response
  • Delivery of goods
  • Military surveillance
• What are the benefits of self-driving cars?

  They are safer and more fuel-efficient than human-driven cars
• What are some drawbacks of self-driving cars?

  They can crash due to software failures and are expensive initially
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence (AI)?

  Benefits:

  • Speeds up data analysis
  • Available when humans are not
  • Handles repetitive tasks

  
  

  Drawbacks:

  • Can invade privacy by storing personal data
  • Mistakes in programming can have serious consequences
  • May produce incorrect results or use copyrighted material
• What are some legal and privacy issues related to technology?

  Unauthorized access to data and systems
• What has been a major criticism of internet companies regarding personal data?

  Using personal data to invade privacy and track civilians
• What are some forms of online crime mentioned in the material?

  Identity theft, harassment, cyber attacks, and sharing copyrighted material
• What are the impacts of a bank hack on different groups of people?

  • Customers: Loss of trust and potential financial loss
  • Bank managers: Increased scrutiny and potential job loss
  • General public: Concerns about data security and privacy
• What is the purpose of laws introduced by the UK government regarding technology?

  To protect data, systems, and networks from unauthorized access
• What is the significance of encryption in messaging apps like WhatsApp?

  It protects messages from being accessed by unauthorized parties
• What should happen if a major company is hacked and bank details are stolen?

  They should be fined and may need to compensate customers
• What is a common consequence of online crime?

  Identity theft and fraud
• What are the different types of online crime mentioned in the material?

  • Identity theft
  • Harassment on social media
  • Cyber attacks
  • Sharing copyrighted material
  • Distributing prohibited material on the dark web
• Proprietary vs. Open source software

  Proprietary: Source code is not shared; users must purchase a license.

  Open-source: Source code is freely available, and users can modify it.
• What regulation was introduced by the EU in 2018 to protect data privacy?

  GDPR
• What did the UK update in response to GDPR?

  Data Protection Act (2018)
• What does the Data Protection Act (2018) protect?

  Data of individuals stored on computers
• What is a person whose data is stored called?

  Data subject
• Who is responsible for registering with the Information Commissioner?

  Data controller
• What is the role of the Information Commissioner in the UK?

  Manage laws like the Data Protection Act
• What must a data controller clarify when registering?

  What information is collected and why
• What are the six principles of the Data Protection Act (2018)?

  1. Collected lawfully and processed fairly
  2. Only used for specified reasons
  3. Relevant and not excessive
  4. Accurate and up-to-date
  5. Not stored longer than necessary
  6. Stored and processed securely
• What year was the Computer Misuse Act introduced?

  1990
• What does the Computer Misuse Act aim to prevent?

  Inappropriate use of computers
• What can result from breaking the Computer Misuse Act principles?

  Fines and jail sentences
• What are the three main principles of the Computer Misuse Act (1990)?

  1. No unauthorized access to data
  2. No unauthorized access for illegal activities
  3. No unauthorized modification of data
• What does the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) prohibit?

  Copying work without permission
• What types of work does the Copyright Act cover?

  Text, images, music, videos, software
• What can copyright owners do if their work is stolen?

  Bring legal proceedings in court