Bones 9

• What is the primary cause of infectious arthritis in farm animals?

  Bacterial infections
• Which specific organisms are commonly associated with infectious arthritis?

  1. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus
• What is the rickettsial infection associated with dogs that can cause arthritis?

  Ehrlichiosis
• What viral infection in goats is known to cause caprine arthritis?

  Lentivirus
• What are the immune-mediated causes of non-infectious arthritis?

  Rheumatoid-like arthritis in dogs
• What is a common bacterial cause of diskospondylitis?

  Staphylococcus aureus
• What are the symptoms of infectious arthritis?

  Hot, swollen, painful joints
• How does polyarthritis differ from monoarthritis in infectious arthritis?

  Polyarthritis occurs in systemic infections, while monoarthritis is associated with wounds
• What concurrent condition is often observed with infectious arthritis?

  Osteomyelitis
• What are the symptoms of caprine viral arthritis?

  Chronic swollen joints with systemic symptoms
• What are the symptoms of erosive immune-mediated arthritis?

  Chronic joint pain, stiffness, and progressive destruction
• How does non-erosive immune-mediated arthritis present compared to erosive arthritis?

  Non-erosive arthritis has milder symptoms and intermittent polyarthritis
• What are the symptoms of diskospondylitis?

  Localized spinal pain, stiffness, and neurological deficits
• What is the appearance of synovial fluid in infectious arthritis?

  Turbid with fibrin or neutrophils
• What characterizes fibrinous arthritis in gross lesions?

  Synovial membrane infiltrated with fibrin sheets
• What are the gross lesions associated with osteomyelitis?

  Bone erosions and necrosis
• What are the gross lesions in erosive immune-mediated arthritis?

  Cartilage erosion, pannus formation, and subchondral bone lesions
• How do non-erosive immune-mediated arthritis lesions appear grossly?

  Minimal gross changes with primarily inflammatory infiltrates
• What are the gross lesions associated with diskospondylitis?

  Vertebral body sclerosis and inflammatory focus extending into adjacent vertebrae
• What are the key differences between infectious and non-infectious arthritis?

  • Infectious arthritis is caused by bacterial, viral, or rickettsial infections.
  • Non-infectious arthritis is immune-mediated or due to persistent antigenic material.
• What are the main symptoms and gross lesions of leukaemia?

  Symptoms:

  • Rapid clinical course
  • Pancytopenia
  • Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly

  
  

  Gross Lesions:

  • Bone marrow hyperplasia
  • Enlarged spleen and liver
• What are the symptoms and gross lesions of malignant lymphoma?

  Symptoms:

  • Persistent lymphocytosis in EBL
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in canines
  • Multicentric forms in felines

  
  

  Gross Lesions:

  • Lesions in abomasum, heart, and uterus for EBL
  • Nodules in skin and organ infiltration for sporadic forms
• What are the symptoms and gross lesions of histiocytic sarcoma?

  Symptoms:

  • Organ dysfunction depending on infiltrated sites

  
  

  Gross Lesions:

  • Multiple fleshy nodules in lungs, spleen, and kidneys
• What are the key features of acute and chronic leukaemia?

  Acute Leukaemia:

  • Rapid, aggressive course
  • Pancytopenia

  
  

  Chronic Leukaemia:

  • Indolent, slowly progressive
  • Enlarged spleen, liver, and lymph nodes
• What are the differences in symptoms between erosive and non-erosive immune-mediated arthritis?

  Erosive:

  • Chronic pain, stiffness, progressive destruction

  
  

  Non-Erosive:

  • Intermittent polyarthritis, milder symptoms
• What are the common causes of diskospondylitis?

  • Bacterial infections, commonly Staphylococcus aureus
  • Brucella in pigs and dogs
• What are the common symptoms of infectious arthritis?

  • Hot, swollen, painful joints
  • Polyarthritis in systemic infections
  • Monoarthritis in wound-associated cases
• What are the gross lesions associated with infectious arthritis?

  • Turbid synovial fluid with fibrin or neutrophils
  • Fibrinous arthritis with infiltrated synovial membrane
  • Bone erosions and necrosis in osteomyelitis
• What are the gross lesions of immune-mediated arthritis?

  Erosive:

  • Cartilage erosion
  • Pannus formation
  • Subchondral bone lesions

  
  

  Non-Erosive:

  • Minimal gross changes
  • Primarily inflammatory infiltrates
• What are the gross lesions associated with diskospondylitis?

  • Vertebral body sclerosis
  • Inflammatory focus extending into adjacent vertebrae