impact of migration on britain in the 19th century

• What significant event began in Britain from the late 18th century?

  The industrial revolution
• How did the industrial revolution affect transport networks in Britain?

  Transport networks changed to allow goods to be moved around the country and to the ports for export
• Through which ports did large numbers of Irish people migrate to Britain?

  Liverpool and Glasgow
• Why did many Irish people migrate to Britain in the 19th century?

  To escape extreme poverty and find better paid work
• What types of jobs did Irish migrants commonly take in Britain?

  Navvies, miners, and workers in cotton mills
• What event caused a surge in Irish immigration in the mid-1840s?

  The potato famine
• How many Irish-born people were in Britain by 1861?

  600,000
• Where did many Irish migrants tend to live in Britain?

  In the poorest areas of towns and cities
• What was a common reason for British hostility towards Irish immigrants in the 19th century?

  Most Irish were Catholic, which some Protestant English disliked
• What association did the Irish have due to their drinking habits?

  They became associated with crime
• What was the real cause of the infectious diseases among the Irish immigrants?

  Their poverty and terrible living conditions
• In which decades did Irish migration to Britain continue to increase?

  The 1930s, 50s, and 60s
• How did relations between the Irish and the native population improve over time?

  Through intermarriage with the native population
• According to the 2001 census, what percentage of the British population had Irish parents or grandparents?

  10%
• What significant contributions did Irish immigrants make to Britain?

  They built canals and railways
• When were Jews expelled from England?

  In 1290
• When were Jews allowed to return to England?

  In the 1650s
• What was the Jewish population of Britain by 1850?

  40,000
• Who was the first Jewish Mayor of London?

  He took office in 1855
• Who became the first Jewish MP in Britain?

  Lionel Rothschild
• What significant financial contribution did Lionel Rothschild make?

  He lent money to the British government to buy a share in the Suez Canal
• Who was the first Jewish Prime Minister of Britain?

  Benjamin Disraeli
• What caused a new influx of Jews from Eastern Europe in the late 1800s?

  Persecution and pogroms in Russia
• How many Jews arrived in Britain between 1881 and 1914?

  About 120,000
• What challenges did the new Jewish arrivals face in Britain?

  They were uneducated and did not speak English
• What industries did the new Jewish migrants primarily enter?

  Clothes, shoe making, and furniture trades
• What reputation did Jewish communities gain over time?

  For working hard, being law-abiding, and having ambition
• What business did Michael Marks start in 1894?

  A market stall
• What brand name did Jack Cohen create for his business?

  TESCO
• How many shops did Marks and Spencer have by 1936?


  36 shops
• What is a notable achievement of British Jews in business today?

  Many excel in business, like Lord Alan Sugar
• Name a successful British Jewish actor.

  Daniel Radcliffe
• What were the main migration patterns in the 19th century related to the British Empire?

  • Movement within the British Empire for building projects
  • Transport of about 20,000 criminals to Australia
  • Voluntary migration of over 22 million people from Britain
• From which countries did workers move to Kenya and Uganda for building projects?

  India
• What role did the Indian workers play in Kenya and Uganda?

  They contributed to building railways, bridges, and roads
• How many Indians moved to Africa for work?

  30,000
• What happened to most of the transported criminals to Australia?

  They remained in Australia after their sentences
• How many criminals were transported to Australia in the early 1800s?

  About 20,000
• What was the estimated number of people who left Britain between 1815 and 1914?

  Over 22 million
• Why did some local councils create schemes to help people emigrate from Britain?

  To address problems of crime and poverty