B1.5 Respiration

• Why is respiration important for energy?

  It releases energy from glucose molecules
• What process do plants use to make glucose?

  Photosynthesis
• What is cellular respiration described as?

  An exothermic reaction
• What does the term 'exothermic' mean in respiration?

  The reaction releases energy
• What is metabolism defined as?

  All chemical processes in a living organism
• What are the two types of respiration mentioned?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• When does aerobic respiration occur?

  When there is enough oxygen
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?

  In mitochondria
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• How does the equation for aerobic respiration relate to photosynthesis?

  It is the exact opposite of photosynthesis
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• When do we rely on anaerobic respiration?

  When sprinting and oxygen is insufficient
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• Why do we prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic is more efficient and complete
• What is a consequence of anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid builds up in muscles
• What happens to lactic acid after anaerobic respiration?

  It must be removed later
• How does anaerobic respiration differ in plants and yeast?

  It produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation in yeast?

  Conversion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• How is fermentation used in industry?

  To make bread, beer, and wine
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic is more efficient; anaerobic is less efficient.
  • Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol.
• What roles do enzymes play in cellular metabolism?

  • Catalyze reactions
  • Speed up metabolic processes
  • Lower activation energy for reactions
• What are the main uses of energy in organisms?

  • Building larger molecules
  • Muscular contraction
  • Maintaining body temperature
• What is the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis?

  • Respiration releases energy from glucose.
  • Photosynthesis produces glucose using sunlight.
  • They are opposite processes in energy flow.
• Is respiration an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

  • Exothermic
  • Respiration is an exothermic reaction because it involves the release of energy. 
• Respiration is the release of energy from sugar molecules such as glucose.
• Which process in plants produces the glucose required for respiration?

  Photosynthesis
• Give two examples of how cells use the energy from respiration.

  • To combine small molecules to make larger molecules
  • To break large molecules into smaller molecules

  OR

  • For muscle contraction
  • To maintain our body temperature
  • To move substances around the cell
• What is metabolism?

  The combination of all chemical reactions in an organism 
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration? 

  Glucose + oxygen ➔ carbon dioxide + water
• What is glucose converted to during anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid