B1.6 Biological Molecules

• What are the three types of molecules discussed in this lesson?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• What do we call molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  Biological molecules and nutrients
• What are biological molecules?

  Molecules found in living organisms produced by cells
• What are nutrients needed for?

  Growth, repair, and metabolism
• What is the aim of this lesson?

  To understand what each molecule is made of
• What are carbohydrates made from?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• What is the simplest form of carbohydrates called?

  Monomers
• What do carbohydrate monomers form when they join together?

  Carbohydrate polymers
• What happens to complex carbohydrates when chemical bonds are broken?

  They can be broken down into simple carbohydrates
• Where does the breakdown of complex carbohydrates occur?

  In the mouth and small intestine
• What are proteins made up of?

  Long chains of amino acids
• What are amino acids in relation to proteins?

  Amino acids are the monomers of proteins
• What atoms are amino acids mainly made from?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
• How are proteins broken down in the body?

  By enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
• What does the term 'lipids' refer to?

  Fats and oils
• What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

  A fat is solid, while an oil is liquid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  A glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids
• What determines whether a lipid is a fat or an oil?

  The length and structure of fatty acid molecules
• What atoms are lipids made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• Why are lipids not considered polymers?

  They aren't formed from long chains of monomers
• Where does the breakdown of lipids occur in the body?

  In the small intestine
• What are the key differences between carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  • Carbohydrates: Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; polymers of monomers (simple sugars).
  • Proteins: Made of amino acids; polymers of monomers; contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
  • Lipids: Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; not polymers; include fats and oils.
• What is the process of digestion for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  • Carbohydrates: Broken down by enzymes in mouth and small intestine.
  • Proteins: Broken down by enzymes in stomach and small intestine.
  • Lipids: Broken down by enzymes in small intestine.
• Lipids are only broken down in the:

  small intestine
• Lipids are made from a single glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
• The term 'lipids' refers to two groups of molecules: fats and oils
• What are the monomers that join together to form proteins called?

  Amino acids
• Carbohydrates are broken down in both the mouth and the small intestine.

  True
• Is glucose a monomer or a polymer?

  Monomer
• Is glycogen a monomer or a polymer?

  Polymer
• Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine break proteins down into amino acids.
• break down of complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates (simple sugars) is carried out by enzymes in the mouth and small intestine.
• Proteins are broken down in two organs, the small intestine and the stomach.