B3.13 Diabetes

• What is the role of insulin in the body?

  Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels
• When is insulin released by the pancreas?

  When blood glucose concentration is high
• What does insulin do to cells in the body?

  It tells them to absorb excess glucose
• What is glycogen?

  Glycogen is stored glucose in the body
• What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin functions properly?

  They return to normal levels
• How many types of diabetes are there?

  Two types
• What is the underlying problem in both types of diabetes?

  Inability to regulate blood glucose levels
• When does type 1 diabetes generally occur?

  In childhood or teenage years
• What happens to insulin production in type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas stops producing insulin
• What can happen if blood glucose levels rise too high in type 1 diabetes?

  It can make the person feel ill
• What is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes?

  Injecting insulin
• Where is insulin typically injected for type 1 diabetes?

  Into the abdomen or thigh
• How does injecting insulin after a meal help type 1 diabetes patients?

  It mimics pancreas insulin release
• When blood glucose levels get too high, insulin is released from the pancreas into the bloodstream. This causes organs such as the liver and muscles to absorb glucose from the blood, and convert it into glycogen.
• What factors determine the amount of insulin a type 1 diabetes patient needs to inject?

  What they've eaten and exercise level
• Why are people with diabetes encouraged to avoid sugary foods?

  To prevent high blood glucose levels
• How does exercise affect insulin needs for diabetes patients?

  More exercise means less insulin needed
• Who is most likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

  Older people with unhealthy diets
• What is the main problem in type 2 diabetes?

  Cells become resistant to insulin
• What happens to insulin effectiveness in type 2 diabetes?

  Insulin does not help cells absorb glucose
• What is the main treatment for type 2 diabetes?

  Healthy low sugar diet and exercise
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  
  

  Type 1:

  • Occurs in childhood/teenage years
  • Pancreas stops producing insulin
  • Treated with insulin injections

  Type 2:

  • Occurs in older adults
  • Cells become resistant to insulin
  • Treated with diet and exercise
• What should patients with diabetes remember about their condition?

  Differences between type 1 and type 2
• There are two different types of diabetes, but in both types the problem is that the body can't regulate the levels of ___________ properly. 

  glucose
• Glucose is a type of:

  Carbohydrate 
• Which type of diabetes more commonly occurs in younger people, such as children and teenagers? 

  Type 1 diabetes
• What is the underlying issue in type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas doesn't release enough insulin 
• How is type 1 diabetes managed?

  • Inject insulin
  • Monitor diet
  • Exercise regularly 
• Is type 1 diabetes a temporary, or lifelong condition?


  Lifelong
• What is the underlying issue in type 2 diabetes?

  The body's tissues become resistant to insulin
• What factors increase the risk of type 2 diabetes?

  • Poor diet
  • Lack of exercise 
• Which age group is more likely to get type 2 diabetes, younger or older people? 

  Older