Macromolecules and Reactions

• What are the four types of macromolecules?

  Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
• What are the monomers of macromolecules?

  Amino acids, monosaccharides, glycerol/fatty acids, nucleotides
• What is an example of a carbohydrate?

  Starch
• What is an example of a protein?

  Albumin
• What is an example of a nucleic acid?

  DNA
• What is another example of a nucleic acid?

  RNA
• What are the functions of proteins?

  They build and repair muscles
• What are the functions of carbohydrates?

  They provide energy and serve as structural components
• What are the functions of lipids?

  They store energy, provide insulation, and make up cell membranes
• What are the functions of nucleic acids?

  They store and transmit genetic information
• What elements make up proteins?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
• What elements make up carbohydrates?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• What elements make up lipids?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• What elements make up nucleic acids?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
• What is dehydration synthesis?

  It is the removal of water to link together monomers to form polymers
• What is hydrolysis?

  It is the addition of water to break polymers into monomers
• What are the components that make up each macromolecule?

  • Proteins: Amino acids
  • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides
  • Lipids: Glycerol and fatty acids
  • Nucleic acids: Nucleotides