Lymph 2

• What is senile atrophy of the spleen primarily associated with?

  • Mainly old dogs and horses
  • Caused by aging
• What are siderotic nodules commonly found in?

  • Common incidental finding in old dogs
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of amyloidosis ("Sago Spleen")?

  • Prominent follicles bulging from the cut surface
• What usually causes splenic rupture?

  • Usually secondary to trauma or neoplasia (e.g., haemangiosarcoma)
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of splenic rupture?

  Spleen ruptured into two large segments
• What are the sequelae of splenic rupture?

  • Severe anaemia
  • Haemoperitoneum
  • Hypovolaemic shock
  • Death
• What induces congestion of the spleen?

  • Induced by barbiturate euthanasia
• What causes splenic torsion?

  • Torsion of the spleen, may accompany gastric volvulus in dogs
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of splenic torsion?

  • Massively enlarged, congested spleen filled with blood
• What causes splenic haematoma?

  • Trauma or haemangiosarcoma
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of splenic haematoma?

  Dark red, soft, dark mass attached to the spleen
• What often causes splenitis?

  • Often occurs in bacterial septicaemia or viraemia
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of splenic infarction?

  • Pale, wedge-shaped areas of necrosis
• What are the pathologies associated with splenitis?

  • Spleen markedly enlarged and congested in anthrax
  • Enlarged and “meaty” in IMHA and blood parasite infections
• What causes splenic lymphoid hyperplasia?

  • Chronic antigenic response
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of nodular hyperplasia?

  • Multiple variably-sized nodules in an otherwise atrophic spleen
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of splenic haemangiosarcoma?

  • Multiple haemangiosarcomas in the spleen, seeding throughout the peritoneal cavity
• What causes thymic atrophy?

  • Viral infections, zinc deficiency, severe protein deficiency
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of thymic neoplasia?

  • Thymic lymphoma: Massively enlarged thymus, heart, and lungs displaced dorsally
  • Thymoma: Mixture of small lymphocytes and thymic epithelial cells
• What are the pathologies associated with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?

  • Transient lymphadenomegaly followed by secondary infections
• What are the pathologies associated with Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)?

  • Lymphoma (e.g., alimentary, thymic, mediastinal), leukaemia, myeloproliferative diseases
• What are the pathologies associated with myeloproliferative disease?

  • Splenic enlargement due to infiltration of tumour cells
• What are the pathognomonic lesions of systemic mastocytosis in cats?

  • Massively enlarged spleen and liver due to neoplastic mast cells
• What causes combined immunodeficiency (CID)?

  • Autosomal recessive inheritance (Arab foals, long-haired dachshunds)
• What are the pathologies associated with combined immunodeficiency (CID)?

  • Severe immunodeficiency
  • Usually die by 5 months of age from infection
• What causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency?

  • Absence of an integrin on leukocytes, inherited in Irish Setters
• What are the pathologies associated with leukocyte adhesion deficiency?

  • Recurrent severe bacterial infections
  • Impaired pus formation
  • Delayed wound healing
• What causes complement deficiencies in Brittany Spaniels?

  • Congenital deficiency of C3
• What are the pathologies associated with complement deficiencies?

  • Susceptibility to recurrent infections
  • Type 1 membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
• What causes common variable immunodeficiency?

  • Failure of immunoglobulin production
• What are the pathologies associated with common variable immunodeficiency?

  • B-lymphocyte deficiency
  • Reduced levels of serum immunoglobulins