QA2 Preparation

• What is a social group?

  A collection of two or more people who interact with each other
• What are the functions of social groups?

  Support and belonging, socialization, goals and achievement, and social control
• What are the classifications of social groups based on number?

  • Dyad: Social group of two people
  • Triad: Social group of three people
• Why is a triad stronger than a dyad?

  Because of the presence of a mediator
• What are the characteristics of primary social groups?

  • Intimate, long-lasting relationships
  • Involves few people with face-to-face interactions
  • Deep emotional commitment
• Who identified primary groups as "nurseries for development"?

  Sociologist Charles Cooley
• What are the characteristics of secondary social groups?

  • Impersonal and casual relationships
  • Short-term or temporary
  • Driven by specific shared interests and goals
• What is a reference group?

  Groups that serve as a standard or guide for comparison and evaluation
• What are the types of reference groups?

  • Informal Reference Group: Personal relationships with shared interests
  • Formal Reference Group: Authority positions with specific goals
  • Comparative Reference Group: Comparing oneself to others
• What are the forms of kinship?

  • Consanguineal Kinship: By blood
  • Affinal Kinship: By marriage
  • Compadrazgo Kinship: By ritual
  • Political Dynasty: Family involved in politics
  • Political Alliances: Cooperation for common goals
  • Descent: Origin or background
• What is the basic unit of society?

  The family
• What are the functions of a family?

  • Orient individuals to societal norms
  • Provide physical support as individuals mature
• What are the types of family?

  • Nuclear Family: Parents and children
  • Extended Family: Nuclear family plus relatives
  • Separated Family: Members separated due to various reasons
  • Transnational Family: Members living in different countries
• What are virtual communities?

  Social media, online forums, and gaming groups
• What is kinship?

  Relations formed in society by blood
• What are the forms of marriage?

  • Monogamy: One man and one woman
  • Polygamy: More than one spouse
  • Polygyny: One man, many women
  • Polyandry: One woman, many men
  • Cenogamy: Many men and women
  • Endogamy: Within a specific ethnic group
  • Exogamy: Outside a specific ethnic group
• What are the forms of residence?

  • Patrilocal: Living with the groom's family
  • Matrilocal: Living with the wife's family
  • Neolocal: Living independently
• What are the forms of descent?

  • Patrilineal: Groom's family lineage
  • Matrilineal: Bride's family lineage
  • Bilineal: Both sides of the family
• What are the forms of authority?

  • Patriarchal: Decisions made by the groom
  • Matriarchal: Decisions made by the bride
  • Equalitarian: Decisions made equally by both
• What is political structure?

  The organized way in which power is allocated and decisions are made within a society
• What are the three branches of a constitution?

  • Legislative: Makes the law
  • Executive: Carries out the law
  • Judicial: Evaluates the law
• What is the power of the legislative branch?

  To propose laws and declare a state of war
• What is the role of the executive branch?

  To carry out laws and negotiate foreign treaties
• What is the power of the judicial branch?

  To exercise original jurisdiction over specific cases
• What is power in a political context?

  The capacity to realize desired ends despite opposition
• What are the different political organizations?

  1. Bands: Simplest political systems
  2. Tribes: Loyalty per family cluster
  3. Chiefdoms: Complex political systems with social stratification
  4. Nations and States: Centralized political units with sovereignty
• What is a nation?

  A group of people sharing a common history, language, and traditions
• What is authority?

  The power to make binding decisions and issue commands
• What is legitimacy in a political context?

  The recognition and acceptance of power or authority
• What are the characteristics of authority?

  • Institutionalized: Derived from government or organizations
  • Enforceable: Power to issue commands
• What can be created in a state with two or more nationalities?

  Not wider
• What is a nation?

  A group of people sharing a common history, language, traditions, customs, habits, and ethnicity
• What are the characteristics of nations?

  Stable, bound by strong cultural and historical links
• How is authority obtained?

  Authority is obtained after being elected
• What is a characteristic of authority?

  Authority is institutionalized
• What does enforceable authority mean?

  It refers to the power to issue commands
• What is legitimacy?

  Legitimacy is the recognition, acceptance, and justification of power or authority
• Why is legitimacy important for authority?

  It plays a crucial role in the stability and effectiveness of a kingdom
• What happens when authority lacks legitimacy?

  It often faces resistance from the unrest of people
• Who identified the types of legitimate authority?

  Max Weber