Transpiration

• What do xylem vessels carry from the roots to the leaves?

  Water and dissolved mineral ions

  
• Why do xylem vessels have no cytoplasm or organelles?

  To reduce resistance to the flow of water

  
• What is the purpose of having no end walls between xylem cells?

  To provide a hollow, continuous tube

  
• What is lignin and its role in xylem vessels?

  Lignin is a waterproof substance that keeps water moving in a one-way direction and strengthens the stem

  
• How does water enter a plant?

  Through the root hairs by osmosis
• Why is it important for water to travel to the leaves?

  For photosynthesis and to prevent wilting

  
• What happens to water as it evaporates from the stomata?

  Water from the xylem vessels travels across the leaf by osmosis to replace it

  
• What effect does the constant movement of water out of the xylem vessels have?

  It creates lower pressure at the top of the stem, pulling water up against gravity

  
• What is the process called that involves water moving up the plant against gravity?

  Transpiration
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  • As the day gets hotter, the rate of transpiration increases.
  • Higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to water molecules, increasing evaporation.
• How does humidity affect transpiration rates?

  • Increased humidity leads to an increase in the rate of transpiration.
  • A breeze helps carry away water vapor, maintaining a steep gradient for diffusion.
• What happens to transpiration rates when the day gets windier?

  • The rate of transpiration decreases.
  • Water evaporates more rapidly, but the increased wind can disrupt the moisture gradient.
• How do environmental conditions affect the transpiration process in plants?

  Environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and wind can increase or decrease the rate of transpiration