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chemistry
1. atomic structure and periodic table
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Izzy Byrne
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Cards (119)
What are all substances made of?
Atoms
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What is located in the middle of an atom?
The
nucleus
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What does the nucleus contain?
Protons
and
neutrons
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Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?
In the
nucleus
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What do atoms of the same element have in common?
They have the same number of
protons
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Why does the nucleus have a positive charge?
Because of the
protons
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How many different elements are there?
Over
100
different elements
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What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?
They are equal in number
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What happens to the charges in an ion?
The number of
protons
does not equal the number of
electrons
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What does the nuclear symbol of an atom indicate?
Its
atomic number
and
mass number
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What does the mass number indicate?
The total number of
protons
and
neutrons
in the atom
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What does the atomic number tell you?
How many
protons
there are
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the
atomic number
from the
mass number
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What defines an element?
Atoms must have the same number of
protons
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What is the atomic number of sodium?
11
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What is relative atomic mass used for?
To account for different
isotopes
of an element
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What is the mass number of sodium?
23
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How is relative atomic mass calculated?
Using the
formula
: sum of (
isotope
abundance × isotope mass number) / sum of
abundances
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What is the relative atomic mass of copper with isotopes Cu-63 and Cu-65?
63.6
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What happens when atoms react?
They combine to form
compounds
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How are atoms held together in a compound?
By
chemical bonds
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What is involved in making bonds between atoms?
Electrons are given away, taken, or shared
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What are compounds formed from?
Two or more
elements
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What is required to separate the original elements of a compound?
A
chemical reaction
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What type of bonding occurs in a compound formed from a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic
bonding
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What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They lose
electrons
to form positive ions
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What is the result of the opposite charges of ions in ionic bonding?
They are strongly
attracted
to each other
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What happens to non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They gain
electrons
to form negative ions
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What is covalent bonding?
Atoms
share
electrons
with each other
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What is the formula for carbon dioxide?
CO₂
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How do the properties of a compound compare to the properties of the original elements?
They are usually
totally
different
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What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
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What do brackets in a formula indicate?
The
little
number outside applies to
everything
inside the brackets
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How can mixtures be separated?
By
physical
methods
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What is the formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
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What is chromatography used for?
To separate
substances
in a mixture
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What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?
Compounds have
chemical bonds
, mixtures do not
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Why should you use a pencil to draw a line on filter paper for chromatography?
Pen marks are soluble and won't dissolve in the
solvent
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What happens to the solvent in paper chromatography?
It creeps up the paper carrying the
ink
with it
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What is the end result of chromatography called?
A
chromatogram
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