1. atomic structure and periodic table

    Cards (119)

    • What are all substances made of?
      Atoms
    • What is located in the middle of an atom?
      The nucleus
    • What does the nucleus contain?
      Protons and neutrons
    • Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?
      In the nucleus
    • What do atoms of the same element have in common?
      They have the same number of protons
    • Why does the nucleus have a positive charge?
      Because of the protons
    • How many different elements are there?
      Over 100 different elements
    • What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?
      They are equal in number
    • What happens to the charges in an ion?
      The number of protons does not equal the number of electrons
    • What does the nuclear symbol of an atom indicate?
      Its atomic number and mass number
    • What does the mass number indicate?
      The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
    • What does the atomic number tell you?
      How many protons there are
    • How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
      Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
    • What defines an element?
      Atoms must have the same number of protons
    • What is the atomic number of sodium?
      11
    • What is relative atomic mass used for?
      To account for different isotopes of an element
    • What is the mass number of sodium?
      23
    • How is relative atomic mass calculated?
      Using the formula: sum of (isotope abundance × isotope mass number) / sum of abundances
    • What is the relative atomic mass of copper with isotopes Cu-63 and Cu-65?
      63.6
    • What happens when atoms react?
      They combine to form compounds
    • How are atoms held together in a compound?
      By chemical bonds
    • What is involved in making bonds between atoms?
      Electrons are given away, taken, or shared
    • What are compounds formed from?
      Two or more elements
    • What is required to separate the original elements of a compound?
      A chemical reaction
    • What type of bonding occurs in a compound formed from a metal and a non-metal?
      Ionic bonding
    • What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
      They lose electrons to form positive ions
    • What is the result of the opposite charges of ions in ionic bonding?
      They are strongly attracted to each other
    • What happens to non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?
      They gain electrons to form negative ions
    • What is covalent bonding?
      Atoms share electrons with each other
    • What is the formula for carbon dioxide?
      CO₂
    • How do the properties of a compound compare to the properties of the original elements?
      They are usually totally different
    • What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
      H₂SO₄
    • What do brackets in a formula indicate?
      The little number outside applies to everything inside the brackets
    • How can mixtures be separated?
      By physical methods
    • What is the formula for sodium chloride?
      NaCl
    • What is chromatography used for?
      To separate substances in a mixture
    • What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?
      Compounds have chemical bonds, mixtures do not
    • Why should you use a pencil to draw a line on filter paper for chromatography?
      Pen marks are soluble and won't dissolve in the solvent
    • What happens to the solvent in paper chromatography?
      It creeps up the paper carrying the ink with it
    • What is the end result of chromatography called?
      A chromatogram
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