Bones 2

• What are the main focus areas outlined in the document?

  Genetic deformities, fluorine toxicity, vitamin A toxicity, and plant toxicity in animals
• What are the types of skeletal dysplasias mentioned in the document?

  • Chondrodysplasia
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
  • Osteopetrosis
• What is chondrodysplasia commonly found in?

  Dexter cattle and Suffolk sheep
• What are the effects of chondrodysplasia?

  It causes dwarfism, skeletal deformities, and reduced viability
• In which animals is osteogenesis imperfecta found?

  Cattle, dogs, and sheep
• What are the consequences of osteogenesis imperfecta?

  It leads to fragile bones, joint laxity, and defects in type I collagen
• What species report osteopetrosis?

  Cattle and horses
• What is the effect of osteopetrosis on bones?

  It causes dense but brittle bones lacking a marrow cavity
• What are the local skeletal anomalies mentioned in the document?

  • Syndactyly (fused digits)
  • Polydactyly (extra digits)
  • Brachygnathia (jaw deformities)
• What genetic disease results in abnormal pigmentation in bones and teeth?

  Porphyria
• What causes fluorine toxicity?

  Contaminated water or pasture
• What are the symptoms of fluorine toxicity?

  • Dental Fluorosis: Chalky white enamel, brown discoloration, and accelerated wear
  • Bone Lesions: Abnormal remodeling of affected bones
• How does vitamin A toxicity manifest differently by species?

  It causes skeletal effects like exostoses in cats and physiological effects like osteoporosis
• What teratogenic plant causes cyclopia in lambs?

  Veratrum californicum
• What condition does Lupinus spp. cause in calves?

  "Crooked calf disease" with skeletal deformities
• What syndrome is linked to Trachymene spp.?

  "Bentleg" syndrome
• What interactions are underscored by the conditions mentioned in the document?

  • Interaction between genetics and nutrition
  • Impact of environmental toxins
  • Role of teratogens in developmental and skeletal abnormalities
• What type of disorder is seen here

  Chondrodysplasia , dexter cow

  
• What type of disorder is seen here

  Snorter type bovine chondrodysplasia

  
• What is ovine chondrodysplasia called 


  Spider lamb syndrome

  
• How does bovine osteogenesis imperfecta appear 


  It manifest as marked bone fragility,joint laxity, translucent,pink or amber teeth blue sclera

  
• What is syndactyly 


  Abnormal fusion of digits

  
• What is congenital porcine hyperostosis 


  Increased periosteal bone along the diaphysis ,in the forelimb shown below