states of matter 💦

• What is the particle model of matter?

  A model that describes matter as being made up of tiny particles.
• What are materials made up of?

  Materials are made up of tiny objects called particles.
• How many particles are in a glass of water?

  Almost $8 \times 10^{22}$ particles.
• What is a substance?

  A substance is made from only one type of particle.
• What is the difference between materials and substances?

  Materials can be mixtures, while substances consist of only one type of particle.
• How does the particle model explain the properties of matter?

  The particle model explains properties based on the arrangement and movement of particles.
• What is density?

  Density is how much matter there is in a certain volume.
• Why does gold have a high density?

  Gold has a high density because its particles are very tightly packed together.
• What affects the density of a material?

  The arrangement of particles in a material affects its density.
• What is the relationship between the mass of particles and density?

  A gold particle has a greater mass than an aluminium particle, affecting density.
• How does the arrangement of particles in liquid aluminium affect its density?

  Liquid aluminium has a lower density than solid aluminium because its particles are less closely packed together.
• What factors determine the properties of a substance?

  • What its particles are like
  • How its particles are arranged
  • How its particles move around
• What is the solid state of matter characterized by?

  In the solid state, particles touch their neighbors and are arranged in a pattern.
• Why can't you compress a solid?

  You cannot compress a solid because its particles are touching each other.
• How do gas particles behave?

  Gas particles are far apart, move freely, and fill their container.
• What happens to particles when a substance melts?

  When a substance melts, its particles vibrate faster and move from their places in the pattern.
• What is the melting point?

  The melting point is the temperature at which a substance melts.
• What happens to the mass of a substance when it melts or freezes?

  The mass does not change when a substance melts or freezes.
• How can you identify a substance using its melting point?

  You can identify a substance by comparing its melting point to known values.
• What is boiling?

  Boiling is the change from the liquid state to the gas state.
• What is the boiling point?

  The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance boils.
• How does the boiling point change with altitude?

  The boiling point of a substance depends on how high above the Earth’s surface you are.
• What happens to the state of silver at 1000 °C?

  Silver is in the liquid state at 1000 °C.
• What are the properties of solids, liquids, and gases according to the particle model?

  • Solids: Particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.
  • Liquids: Particles are close but can move around each other.
  • Gases: Particles are far apart and move freely.
• How does the particle model explain changes of state?

  • Melting: Particles gain energy, vibrate faster, and move apart.
  • Freezing: Particles lose energy, move slower, and arrange in a pattern.
  • Boiling: Particles gain enough energy to escape into the gas state.
• What is the relationship between melting point and state of a substance?

  Below its melting point, a substance is solid; above it may be liquid or gas.
• How do you measure the boiling point of a substance?

  You heat the liquid and measure the temperature every minute.
• What happens to the particles of a substance when it boils?

  The particles gain energy and form bubbles of steam that rise to the surface.
• What is conserved during boiling?

  The total mass of steam and water is conserved during boiling.
• How does the particle model help predict the state of a substance?

  It allows you to predict the state based on melting and boiling points.
• What are the key terms related to the particle model?

  • Particle
  • Particle model
  • Substance
  • Physical property
  • Mass
  • Density