Evaporation / distillation 🫧

• What is the main learning objective of this section regarding mixtures?

  To state why it is possible to separate mixtures
• What is another learning objective related to evaporation?

  To state why evaporation works to separate a particular mixture
• What is a learning objective related to distillation?

  To state why distillation works to separate a particular mixture
• What is the purpose of choosing the most suitable technique to separate a mixture?

  To effectively separate the components based on their properties
• How have people historically obtained salt from seawater?

  By using evaporation to separate salt from water
• What role does the sun's heat play in the evaporation process of seawater?

  It helps to evaporate the water, leaving the salt behind
• What happens to seawater when it evaporates?

  The remaining salt crystallizes
• Describe how to use evaporation to obtain salt from seawater.

  Heat the seawater until water evaporates, leaving salt behind
• When else is evaporation useful besides obtaining salt from seawater?

  To make crystals from a laboratory solution
• What is the first step in making crystals from a laboratory solution using evaporation?

  Heat the solution with a Bunsen burner
• What happens after heating the solution in the crystal-making process?

  Some of the water quickly evaporates
• What should you do after heating the solution to make crystals?

  Leave the remaining solution in a warm place to evaporate slowly
• What forms as the water evaporates in the crystal-making process?

  Crystals
• What is the significance of lithium in the context of evaporation?

  Lithium is important for batteries and is extracted from dissolved substances in water
• How does the government plan to extract lithium from the desert?

  By bringing the solution to the surface and allowing it to evaporate
• What is distillation?

  A method used to separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points
• What happens to a substance during distillation when it is heated?

  The substance does not boil but produces steam
• What occurs to the steam during the distillation process?

  Steam leaves the mixture and travels to a condenser
• What happens to the steam after it travels in distillation?

  The steam condenses back into liquid water
• What key word is associated with the process of separating mixtures by boiling points?

  Distillation
• What can be used to separate mixtures based on physical properties?

  Similarities and differences in physical properties
• What is the boiling point of ethanol?

  78°C
• What is the boiling point of water?

  100°C
• Which method would you use to obtain copper chloride crystals from a solution?

  Evaporation
• Which method would you use to obtain propanone from a mixture?

  Distillation
• Which method would you use to separate ethanol from water?

  Distillation
• Which method would you use to obtain solid potassium chloride from a solution?

  Evaporation
• Compare how evaporation and distillation separate mixtures.

  • Evaporation separates based on the evaporation of a solvent, leaving solid solutes behind.
  • Distillation separates based on differences in boiling points, collecting vapor and condensing it back into liquid.
• What is the topic of section 5.2?

  Separating mixtures