Taking Charge of One's Health

• Stress - refers to events that are perceived as challenging, or threatening to ones physical or psychological well-being
• What are the types of stress?

  Eustress, Distress
• Eustress - a positive stress associated with challenges and opportunities for growth
• Eustress - can motivate and enhance performance
• Distress - negative stress stemming from overwhelming demands and threats
• Distress - can lead to anxiety, depression, and various physical health issues
• Stressors - anything that causes stress or pressure on a person
• Stressors - it can be an event, a situation, or even a thought that triggers a reaction in the body and mind
• Responses - is how the body and mind react to the stressors
• What are factors that causes stress?

  Catastrophe, Frustration, Conflicts
• Conflict - occurs when a person needs to choose between two or many options
• What are four types of conflict?

  Approach-Approach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Avoidance, Multiple
• Approach-Approach Conflict - occurs when a person needs to choose between two options that are both attractive
• Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict - occurs when a person needs to choose between options he/she finds both unpleasant
• Approach-Avoidance Conflict - occurs when a person needs to choose between options that have both positive and negative consequences
• Multiple Conflict - occurs when the are more than two options
• Defense Mechanism - refers to one's unconscious strategies in order to deal with frustrations, conflicts, and stress, to cope with the pain and deal with anxiety
• Beatnik Reaction - the person exhibits behaviors that stand apart from the standards of society and avoids most responsibilities of a good citizens
• Beatnik Reaction - includes smoking, drug use, early sex, and dropping out of school
• Displacement - anyone who is frustrated may also act aggressively such as destroying things or harming another person
• Compensation - a person makes up for or covers up his/her weak areas by being superior in other areas
• What are other examples of defense mechanism?

  Denial, Identification, Intellectualization, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Regression, Repression, Suicide
• What are the three stages of physiological factors of stress?

  Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
• Alarm - initial reaction to a stressful situation
• Alarm - sympathetic nervous system is activated and releases hormones
• Exhaustion - the body suffers from psychosomatic illnesses, as well as those that may have irreversible damages to one's health
• What theory does the physiological factors of stress introduced?

  General Adaptation Syndrome
• Who developed the general adaptation syndrome?

  Hans Selye
• What are the cognitive factors of stress?

  Primary Appraisal, Secondary Appraisal
• Primary Appraisal - evaluating a stressor as a threat, challenge, or harm/loss
• Secondary Appraisal - includes assessing available resources to cope with the stressor
• Who proposed the cognitive theory of stress?

  Richard Lazarus
• What are common emotional responses to cognitive stress?

  Anxiety, Anger, Aggression, Apathy, Depression, Psychological Impairment
• Poverty - A state of being without enough money to live a comfortable life; remains a critical problem in the Philippines
• What are other perspective of stresses?

  Socioeconomic, Cultural
• Acculturation - the process of adaptation by which people adjust to new culture making behavioral and attitudinal changes
• Acculturative Stress - refers to the feelings of tension and anxiety that accompany efforts to adapt to the orientation and values of a dominant culture
• What are examples of coping mechanisms?

  Problem-Focused, Emotional-Focused, Social Support
• Problem-Focused Coping - the individual addresses the stressors directly by looking for solutions
• Problem-Focused Coping - the focus is reducing or eliminating the problem through their own efforts