Myra Estrin Levine

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Created by
Elaine, SN

Cards (16)

  • Theory - Conservation Theory
  • Myra Estrin Levine
    • December 12, 1920, Chicago, Illinois
    • 1949 - BSN University of Chicago
    • 1962 - MSN Wayne State University
    • 1969 - Worked as an oncology nurse and instructor
    • 1992 - Honorary doctorate Loyola University
    • Introduction to Clinical Nursing - the first edition in 1969 and the second edition in 1973
    • March 20, 1996, Evanston, Illinois
  • Nursing: Nursing involves engaging in human interactions. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness (health) - realizing that every individual requires a unique separate cluster of activities.
  • Person: The person is a holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity and one "who is sentient, thinking, future-oriented, and past-aware.” The wholeness (integrity) of the individual demands that the "Individual life has meaning only in the context of social life." The person is also described as a unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, believing. thinking, and the whole system of systems.
  • Health: Health is implied to mean unity and integrity and is a wholeness and successful adaptation. The goat of nursing is to promote health. Levine clarified what she meant by health as the revenue of return to the daily activities compromised by ill health. It is not only the insult or the injury that is repaired but the person himself or herself. It is not merely the healing of an afflicted part. It is rather a return to self hood, where the encroachment of the disability can be set aside entirely, and the individual is free to pursue once more his or her own interests without constraint.
  • Environment
    1. Internal Environmental 
    2. External Environmental 
    3. Perceptual Environment
    4. Operational Environment
    5. Conceptual Environment
  • Internal Environment 
    • combines the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the individual and is constantly challenged by the external environment. 
    • the integration of bodily functions that resembles homeorhesis rather than homeostasis and is subject to challenges of the external environment, which always are a form of energy.
  • Perceptual Environment
    • portion of the external environment which individuals respond to with their sense organs and includes light, sound, touch, temperature, chemical changes that are smelled or tasted, and position sense and balance.
  • Operational Environment 
    • portion of the external environment that interacts with living tissue even though the individual does not possess sensory organs that can record the presence of these factors.
    • elements may physically affect individuals but are not perceived by the latter.
  • Conceptual Environment 
    • portion of the external environment that consists of language, ideas, symbols, and concepts and inventions and encompasses the exchange of language, the ability to think and experience emotion, etc
  • CONSERVATION MODEL
    The core of the conservation model is to improve a person's physical and emotional well-being by considering the four domains of conservation she set out. Nursing's role in conservation is to help the person with the process of "keeping together" the total person through the least amount of effort.
  • DISRUPTION
    • A disruption to either internal or external environment is a threat to patient health.
    • Disruption requires nursing interventions related to conservation principles to restore wholeness.
  • ADAPTATION
    • Historicity -  states that adaptations are grounded in history and await the challenges to which they respond.
    • Specificity -  refers to the individual responses and their adaptive pattern, which varies on the basis of specific genetic structure.
    • Redundancy - explains the options available to the patient to ensure continued adaptation.
  • FOUR PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION BY MYRA ESTRIN LEVINE
    1. Conservation of energy
    2. Conservation of structural integrity
    3. Conservation of personal integrity
    4. Conservation of social integrity
  • CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
    Involves optimizing balance of energy intake and usage. Being able to complete activities without excessive fatigue. This includes the assessment of vital signs, breathing patterns, and behavior.
  • CONSERVATION OF PERSONAL INTEGRITY
    This principle recognizes the importance of maintaining personal identity, values, and belief systems. Nurses should respect an individual's personal integrity and provide care that aligns with their values.