Law enforcement in industrial Britain

• What time period does the study material focus on regarding law enforcement in Britain?

  18th and 19th century
• What were the major factors that increased the crime rate after 1700 in Britain?

  Industrialisation and urbanisation
• What was a consequence of the increased crime rate after 1700?

  The development of more official forms of policing
• Who continued to patrol cities on foot at night during this period?

  Watchmen
• What role did parish constables play in law enforcement?

  They dealt with petty crime
• How were soldiers used in law enforcement during this period?

  To put down riots and large protests
• What significant change occurred in London in 1749?

  The Bow Street Runners were established
• What was the purpose of the Bow Street Runners?

  To track down criminals and stolen property
• When were the Bow Street Horse Patrols established?

  From 1754
• What were the key developments in police forces from 1829 to 1900?

  • 1829: Metropolitan Police Act established Britain's first professional police force in London
  • 1835: Municipal Corporations Act allowed borough councils to set up police forces
  • 1842: Detective department established at the Metropolitan Police Force
  • 1878: Criminal Investigations Department (CID) set up
  • 1839: Rural Constabulary Act allowed counties to set up police forces
  • 1856: Police Act made professional police forces compulsory across the country
• Who established the Bow Street Runners?

  Henry Fielding
• What was the initial funding method for the Bow Street Runners?

  They changed fees and collected rewards
• How did the payment structure for the Bow Street Runners change by 1785?

  They were paid by the government
• What new methods did the Bow Street Runners introduce?

  New methods of finding evidence to bring criminals to justice
• What was one limitation of the Bow Street Runners' patrols?

  There were not enough of them to deal with the increasing crime rate
• What did the Bow Street Runners begin to establish in terms of crime intelligence?

  The beginnings of a crime intelligence network
• Who was largely responsible for the setting up of the Metropolitan Police Force?

  Robert Peel
• What did the 1856 Police Act require?

  It made professional police forces compulsory across the country
• How were police forces funded according to the 1856 Police Act?

  All forces were funded by the government
• What were the main tasks of police officers as per the 1856 Police Act?

  To keep law and order, prevent crime, and detect criminals
• What was the aim of all police activities as stated in the study material?

  To deter crime
• What was the role of parish constables in law enforcement during the 18th and 19th centuries?

  They dealt with petty crime
• Why were the Bow Street Runners significant in the context of 17th-century London crime?

  They were established to tackle the huge crime wave
• What was the impact of the Municipal Corporations Act on local policing?

  It allowed borough councils to set up police forces
• What was the role of the Detective department established in 1842?

  To investigate crimes at the Metropolitan Police Force headquarters
• What was the role of the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) in law enforcement?

  To investigate crimes within the Metropolitan Police Force
• What were the implications of the Rural Constabulary Act for counties?

  It allowed counties to set up their own police forces
• How effective was the Metropolitan Police Force compared to previous law enforcement methods?

  It was more organized and professional than previous methods