respi recit

• What are the segments of the respiratory system?

  Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
• What is the term for trapping of particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Deposition
• What does the olfactory nerve detect?

  Smell
• What is the extra lobe of the right lung called?

  Intermediate/accessory lobe
• What are the lobes of the left lung?

  • Apical/cranial lobe
  • Cardiac/middle lobe
  • Diaphragmatic/caudal lobe
• What are the surfaces of the lung?

  • Costal: Faces the rib
  • Mediastinal: Faces the heart
  • Interlobar: Facing adjacent lobes
  • Diaphragmatic: Facing the diaphragm
• What structure passes through the hiatus vena cava?

  Caudal vena cava
• What is the mediastinum?

  • Space formed at the midline by the apposition of the left and right pleural membranes
  • Serous lining of thorax (and abdomen): pleura
• What are the turbinates in the nasal cavity?

  • Superior/dorsal turbinate
  • Inferior/ventral turbinate
• What organ regulates air volume in respiration?

  Larynx
• What are the characteristics of lungs in cattle, ox, sheep, pig, and dog?

  • Horse: Not divided into lobes by deep fissures; Right lung has intermediate lobe.
  • Ox/Sheep: Divided into lobes by deep interlobar fissures; Left lung has three lobes: Apical, Cardiac, Diaphragmatic; Right lung has four lobes: Apical, Cardiac, Diaphragmatic, Intermediate.
  • Pig: Same as ox and sheep but left lung can be regarded as having only two lobes; Diaphragmatic lobe is marked off by a distinct fissure.
  • Dog: Right lung is larger than the left; Divided into four lobes by very deep fissures which extend to root.
• What is the immune defense of the conductive system?

  Mucociliary clearance
• What is the windpipe called?

  Trachea
• What are the parts of the diaphragm?

  • Costal part
  • Sternal part
  • Lumbar part
• What is the diaphragm?

  • Broad unpalled muscle
  • Forms the partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
• What is the immune defense of the gas-exchange system?

  Intravascular pulmonary macrophages
• What is the common passageway for the digestive and respiratory tracts?

  Pharynx
• What is aspiration pneumonia?

  • Accidental entry of water & food particles to the lower respiratory tract
  • Can be prevented by the epiglottis
• What structures pass through the hiatus esophagi?

  • Esophagus
  • Esophageal branch of gastric cavity
  • Vagus nerve
• What is the term for removal of trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Clearance
• What are the apertures of the pharynx?

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
• What are the meatuses/air spaces in the nasal cavity?

  • Superior nasal meatus
  • Middle nasal meatus
  • Inferior nasal meatus
• What separates the nasal cavity into left and right?

  Nasal septum
• What are the rostral and caudal boundaries of the nasal cavity?

  • Rostral: Nostril/anterior nares
  • Caudal: Choanae/posterior nares
• What is the immune defense of the transitional system?

  Clara cells
• What type of cartilage is found in tracheal rings?

  Hyaline cartilage
• What is the difference between deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Retention
• What are the concentric layers of the trachea from outer to inner?

  1. Fascia propria
  2. Cartilaginous ring
  3. Fibro-elastic layer
  4. Muscular layer
  5. Mucus membrane layer
• What structures enter/leave the lungs at the hilus?

  • Bronchus
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Bronchial artery
  • Pulmonary nerves
  • Pulmonary lymph vessels