Chapter 19 - Britain

• What did John Major mean by suggesting that ‘we’re going to have to fight back’?

  He implied that the Conservative Party needed to respond to societal challenges.
• Why was it necessary for John Major to suggest a fight back?

  It was necessary due to substantial societal changes that caused discontent.
• How does John Major's message reflect the Conservative Party’s attitude towards societal challenges?

  It reflects a proactive stance in addressing the challenges of a socially divided country.
• What impact does knowledge of John Major's speech have on assessing its value as a source?

  It provides context for understanding the political climate and public sentiment of the time.
• What significant societal changes occurred during John Major's time that caused discontent?

  Britain became a more socially divided country.
• When were the first cases of AIDS recorded in the UK?

  In 1981
• Why was AIDS a particularly alarming issue in the UK during the 1980s?

  It was alarming due to the high rate of mortality associated with the disease.
• What was the government's response to the AIDS crisis in 1986?

  The government started a prevention campaign involving advertisements.
• How did Princess Diana's actions in 1987 impact public perception of AIDS?

  Her handshake with an AIDS patient challenged prevailing prejudices.
• What was the effect of fear surrounding AIDS on societal attitudes towards gay people?

  It stirred up greater prejudice against gay individuals.
• What was the age of consent for gay men reduced to in 1994?

  18 years old
• What was the significance of the Child Support Agency established in 1993?

  It aimed to ensure absent parents paid maintenance for their children.
• What was the outcome of the campaign led by Victoria Gillick regarding contraceptive advice?

  The House of Lords overruled the High Court's initial ruling on parental consent.
• What phrase did Mary Whitehouse coin in relation to her moral campaigns?

  'Video nasty'
• What was the impact of scandals involving Conservative MPs in the 1990s?

  They led to high public expectations regarding the behavior of public figures.
• What was John Major's aim when he became prime minister in 1990?

  To create a classless society in Britain.
• How did the public's attitude towards the monarchy change during the period from 1987 to 1997?

  There was a decline in deference to the Establishment and increased criticism.
• What significant event in 1992 affected public perception of the monarchy?

  The devastating fire at Windsor Castle.
• What cultural phenomenon emerged in the 1990s related to women and feminism?

  Third-wave feminism began to critique and expand upon second-wave feminism.
• What was the public's reaction to the Queen's agreement to pay tax on her private income?

  It was seen as a response to public disquiet about royal finances.
• What was the significance of the first female Speaker in the House of Commons appointed in 1992?

  It marked a milestone in women's representation in politics.
• What was the impact of the 'girl power' movement in the 1990s?

  It became a mainstream message led by groups like the Spice Girls.
• How did the position of women in the workforce change by 1996?

  50% of employees were women, indicating increased participation in the workforce.
• What was the significance of the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993?

  It highlighted issues of race relations and police incompetence in the UK.
• What did the MacPherson Report conclude about the Metropolitan Police?

  It concluded that the police were 'institutionally racist' and incompetent.
• What societal tensions arose in the 1990s regarding immigration?

  Concerns about Muslim integration into British society increased.
• What was the reaction to Salman Rushdie's novel, The Satanic Verses?

  It was considered blasphemous by many Muslims, leading to protests.
• What was the cultural impact of the Young British Artists (YBA) in the 1990s?

  They challenged traditional notions of art using unconventional materials.
• What was the government's response to the rave culture in the 1990s?

  They passed the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act to give police more powers.
• What was the significance of the protests against road developments in the 1990s?

  They united diverse groups in direct action against environmental issues.
• What was the role of the Child Support Agency established in 1993?

  To ensure that absent parents paid maintenance for their children.
• What was the impact of the divorce rate in the 1990s on family structures?

  It raised concerns about the future of marriage and family stability.
• How did the percentage of babies born to unmarried parents change from the early 1980s to the early 1990s?

  It increased from 12% to 30%.
• What was the cultural phenomenon of 'ladettes' in the 1990s?

  'Ladettes' were women who openly discussed sex and drinking like men.
• What was the significance of the first ordination of women as priests in the Church of England in 1994?

  It marked a significant step forward for women's rights in religion.
• What was the impact of the 1987 general election on race relations in the UK?

  Four non-white MPs were elected, marking progress in representation.
• What was the public's reaction to the financing of Windsor Castle restoration?

  It led to public disquiet and changes in royal financial practices.
• What was the significance of the phrase 'institutionally racist' in the context of the MacPherson Report?

  It highlighted systemic issues within the Metropolitan Police regarding race relations.
• How did the public's perception of the monarchy change after the death of Princess Diana?

  Public support for the monarchy reached a low point, with accusations against the Queen.
• What was the impact of the AIDS crisis on societal attitudes towards health and sexuality?

  It led to increased awareness and debate about health issues and sexual orientation.