strong and weak acids

• What is the definition of a strong acid?

  A strong acid fully ionizes in aqueous solutions.
• What is an example of a strong acid?

  Hydrochloric acid
• What happens to an acid molecule in an aqueous solution?

  The acid molecule ionizes and releases hydrogen ions H+.
• What is the term used when an acid molecule splits and releases hydrogen ions?

  Ionization
• How can you tell if an acid is strong based on its ionization?

  A strong acid has a one-directional arrow indicating full ionization.
• Name three examples of strong acids.

  Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
• What is the definition of a weak acid?

  A weak acid partially ionizes in aqueous solutions.
• How can you identify a weak acid based on its ionization?

  A weak acid has a reversible arrow indicating partial ionization.
• Name three examples of weak acids.

  Carbonic acid, ethanolic acid, and citric acid.
• How does the pH scale relate to strong and weak acids?

  Strong acids have a lower pH than weak acids for a given concentration.
• What does a decrease of one unit on the pH scale indicate about hydrogen ion concentration?

  The concentration of hydrogen ions increases by 10 times.
• How does the difference in pH between pH 1 and pH 2 relate to hydrogen ion concentration?

  pH 1 has a 10 times greater concentration of hydrogen ions than pH 2.
• What is meant by "one order of magnitude" in terms of pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

  A 10 times difference in hydrogen ion concentration.
• How does the concentration of an acid affect its pH?

  The concentration of an acid affects the amount of acid molecules in a given volume.
• What is the difference between a dilute acid and a concentrated acid?

  A dilute acid has fewer acid molecules in a given volume than a concentrated acid.
• What are the characteristics of strong and weak acids?

  • Strong acids:
  • Fully ionize in aqueous solutions
  • Examples: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
  • Weak acids:
  • Partially ionize in aqueous solutions
  • Examples: carbonic acid, ethanolic acid, citric acid
• How does the pH scale relate to acid strength and concentration?

  • Strong acids have lower pH than weak acids for the same concentration.
  • A decrease of one pH unit increases hydrogen ion concentration by 10 times.
  • Concentration affects the number of acid molecules in a given volume.