Additional (AI-Made)

Cards (52)

  • Who was a major manufacturer of minicomputers?
    Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
  • What was the first widely used minicomputer?
    PDP-8
  • What was the first microprocessor produced by Intel Corporation?
    Intel 4004
  • What is the role of embedded processors?
    To control electrical and mechanical functions
  • What is a digital signal processor (DSP) used for?
    In wireless telephones and digital modems
  • What are the characteristics of the first generation of computers?
    • Used vacuum tubes for circuitry
    • Magnetic drums for memory
    • Very large and expensive
    • Relied on machine language
    • Input via punched cards and paper tape
  • What advancements marked the second generation of computers?
    • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
    • Smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable
    • Used symbolic assembly languages
    • Stored instructions in memory
  • What defined the third generation of computers?
    • Development of integrated circuits
    • Miniaturized transistors on silicon chips
    • Faster and more efficient
    • Accessible to a mass audience
  • What are the key features of the fourth generation of computers?
    • Microprocessors with thousands of integrated circuits
    • Networking capabilities leading to the Internet
    • Development of GUIs and handheld devices
    • Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • What does information technology encompass?
    Use of computers, software, hardware, networks, and digital technologies
  • What are the distinct focuses of IT, CS, CE, and IS?
    • Information Technology (IT): Focuses on technology implementations and management
    • Computer Science (CS): Focuses on algorithms, programming, and theoretical foundations
    • Computer Engineering (CE): Combines electrical engineering and computer science for hardware development
    • Information Systems (IS): Focuses on the integration of technology and business processes
  • What is the earliest known calculating device?
    The abacus
  • How does the abacus represent values?
    By assigning different units or weights to each rod
  • What operations can be performed using an abacus?
    Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
  • Who built the first calculator known as the Calculating Clock?
    Wilhelm Schickard
  • What was the first adding machine produced in quantity?
    The Pascaline or Arithmetic Machine
  • What was the Jacquard loom invented for?
    To perform repetitive functions automatically
  • Who is known for inventing the Difference Engine?
    Charles Babbage
  • What was the Analytical Engine conceived for?
    To perform various kinds of calculations
  • What did Herman Hollerith realize while working at the Census Office?
    The pressing need for automating the tabulation of statistical data
  • Who worked on digital devices for calculation at Harvard?
    Howard Aiken
  • What was Alan Turing's contribution to computing?
    He designed a machine capable of resolving all mathematical problems
  • What was the name of the all-electronic computer project during World War II?
    ENIAC
  • What is the purpose of interpreters in programming?
    To translate high-level language statements and execute them one at a time
  • What is the difference between interpreters and compilers?
    Interpreters execute code one line at a time, while compilers translate the entire program at once
  • What programming language was designed to look more like mathematics?
    FORTRAN
  • What was the significance of comments in FORTRAN programs?
    They allowed nonprogrammers to understand the purpose of the code
  • What language was developed at Hopper's laboratory that had more influence than Math-matic?
    Flow-matic
  • What were the key developments in early computer language development?
    • Machine language: Programs could read and operate on other programs
    • Interpreters: Translated high-level language statements one at a time
    • Compilers: Translated entire programs for faster execution
    • FORTRAN: Made programming more accessible with comments
    • COBOL: Developed with a more English-like syntax
    • ALGOL: Emerged during the late 1950s with many specialized languages
  • What system may have inspired the invention of the Hindu-Arabic number system?
    The abacus
  • What is the historical significance of the abacus?
    It is the earliest known calculating device still in use today
  • What was the role of the slide rule in calculations?
    It was used for complex calculations before electronic calculators
  • What contributions did John von Neumann make to computing?
    He contributed to the development of the stored-program model
  • What was Howard Aiken's contribution to digital calculators?
    He laid out plans for a series of calculating machines
  • What was the impact of Alan Turing's work on modern computing?
    His work proved that no universal mathematical solver could exist
  • What was the ENIAC project known for?
    It was the first all-electronic computer
  • What does FORTRAN stand for?
    Formula Translation
  • How do programs written in FORTRAN compare to machine instructions?
    They resemble mathematics more than machine instructions
  • Who developed Math-matic?
    Hopper's group at UNIVAC
  • What was a key feature of Flow-matic compared to FORTRAN?
    It used a more English-like syntax and vocabulary