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1st Semester - BSIT
1stQ - Introduction to Computing
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Cards (52)
Who was a major manufacturer of minicomputers?
Digital Equipment Corporation
(
DEC
)
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What was the first widely used minicomputer?
PDP-8
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What was the first microprocessor produced by Intel Corporation?
Intel
4004
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What is the role of embedded processors?
To control
electrical
and
mechanical
functions
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What is a digital signal processor (DSP) used for?
In
wireless
telephones and
digital modems
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What are the characteristics of the first generation of computers?
Used
vacuum tubes
for circuitry
Magnetic drums
for memory
Very
large
and
expensive
Relied on
machine language
Input via
punched cards
and
paper
tape
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What advancements marked the second generation of computers?
Transistors
replaced vacuum tubes
Smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable
Used
symbolic assembly languages
Stored instructions in
memory
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What defined the third generation of computers?
Development of
integrated
circuits
Miniaturized
transistors
on
silicon chips
Faster and more efficient
Accessible to a
mass
audience
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What are the key features of the fourth generation of computers?
Microprocessors
with thousands of integrated circuits
Networking capabilities leading to the
Internet
Development of
GUIs
and
handheld
devices
Based on
Artificial Intelligence
(
AI
)
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What does information technology encompass?
Use of
computers
,
software
,
hardware
,
networks
, and
digital technologies
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What are the distinct focuses of IT, CS, CE, and IS?
Information
Technology
(
IT
): Focuses on technology implementations and management
Computer
Science
(
CS
): Focuses on algorithms, programming, and theoretical foundations
Computer
Engineering
(
CE
): Combines electrical engineering and computer science for hardware development
Information
Systems
(
IS
): Focuses on the integration of technology and business processes
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What is the earliest known calculating device?
The
abacus
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How does the abacus represent values?
By assigning different units or weights to each
rod
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What operations can be performed using an abacus?
Addition
,
subtraction
,
multiplication
, and
division
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Who built the first calculator known as the Calculating Clock?
Wilhelm Schickard
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What was the first adding machine produced in quantity?
The
Pascaline
or
Arithmetic Machine
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What was the Jacquard loom invented for?
To perform repetitive functions
automatically
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Who is known for inventing the Difference Engine?
Charles Babbage
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What was the Analytical Engine conceived for?
To perform
various
kinds of
calculations
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What did Herman Hollerith realize while working at the Census Office?
The pressing need for
automating
the tabulation of
statistical
data
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Who worked on digital devices for calculation at Harvard?
Howard Aiken
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What was Alan Turing's contribution to computing?
He designed a machine capable of resolving all
mathematical
problems
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What was the name of the all-electronic computer project during World War II?
ENIAC
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What is the purpose of interpreters in programming?
To translate
high-level language
statements and execute them
one
at a time
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What is the difference between interpreters and compilers?
Interpreters execute code one
line
at a time, while compilers translate the
entire
program at once
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What programming language was designed to look more like mathematics?
FORTRAN
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What was the significance of comments in FORTRAN programs?
They allowed
nonprogrammers
to understand the purpose of the code
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What language was developed at Hopper's laboratory that had more influence than Math-matic?
Flow-matic
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What were the key developments in early computer language development?
Machine language
: Programs could read and operate on other programs
Interpreters
: Translated high-level language statements one at a time
Compilers
: Translated entire programs for faster execution
FORTRAN
: Made programming more accessible with comments
COBOL
: Developed with a more English-like syntax
ALGOL
: Emerged during the late 1950s with many specialized languages
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What system may have inspired the invention of the Hindu-Arabic number system?
The
abacus
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What is the historical significance of the abacus?
It is the earliest known
calculating
device still in use
today
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What was the role of the slide rule in calculations?
It was used for
complex
calculations before electronic calculators
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What contributions did John von Neumann make to computing?
He contributed to the development of the
stored-program
model
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What was Howard Aiken's contribution to digital calculators?
He laid out plans for a series of
calculating machines
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What was the impact of Alan Turing's work on modern computing?
His work proved that no
universal
mathematical
solver could exist
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What was the ENIAC project known for?
It was the first all-
electronic
computer
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What does FORTRAN stand for?
Formula Translation
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How do programs written in FORTRAN compare to machine instructions?
They resemble
mathematics
more than machine instructions
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Who developed Math-matic?
Hopper's
group at
UNIVAC
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What was a key feature of Flow-matic compared to FORTRAN?
It used a more
English-like
syntax and vocabulary
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