Synovial Fluid and Sweat Analysis

• What is synovial fluid analysis also known as?

  Joint fluid analysis
• What is the main purpose of synovial fluid analysis?

  To diagnose the cause of joint inflammation
• Where is synovial fluid typically submitted for analysis?

  In the laboratory
• What does each joint of the human body contain?

  Synovial fluid
• What is the consistency of synovial fluid?

  It is a very thick fluid
• What role does synovial fluid play in joint movement?

  It lubricates the joints for ease of movement
• When does the body produce a lot of synovial fluid?

  During joint diseases like arthritis
• What does an accumulation of synovial fluid indicate?

  There’s a problem with joint tissues
• What does the term "synovial" mean in Latin?

  Egg
• How does the viscosity of synovial fluid compare to egg white?

  It resembles the viscosity of egg white
• What type of fluid circulates in diarthroses?

  Synovial fluid
• What can friction in joints lead to?

  Damage and inflammation
• What is the function of synovial fluid in joints?

  It lubricates the joints like oil
• What component of synovial fluid is responsible for its viscosity?

  Hyaluronic acid
• Who produces hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid?

  Synoviocytes
• What is synovial fluid considered in relation to plasma?

  An ultrafiltrate of plasma
• Where is synovial fluid found?

  In the synovium
• What type of filtration occurs in the synovium?

  Nonselective filtration
• What is excluded during the filtration process in synovial fluid?

  High-molecular-weight proteins
• What is the articular cartilage in joints?

  Avascular cartilage with no blood vessels
• What happens if there is damage to the synovial membrane?

  It causes pain and stiffness in joints
• What is arthritis related to?

  Damage in the synovial membrane
• What are the functions of synovial fluid?

  1. Lubricates the joints
  2. Reduces friction between joints
  3. Provides nutrients to articular cartilage
  4. Lessens shock of joint compression
• How does synovial fluid keep bones apart?

  It prevents friction between bones
• What nutrients does synovial fluid provide to articular cartilage?

  Analytes from plasma
• How does synovial fluid act during activities like walking?

  It acts like a shock absorber
• What is the method of collection for synovial fluid?

  Arthrocentesis
• Does normal synovial fluid clot?

  No, it does not clot
• What happens to diseased joints regarding clotting?

  Diseased joints may clot
• What is arthrocentesis?

  A very invasive procedure for fluid aspiration
• Why is arthrocentesis considered invasive?

  It requires a needle insertion
• What is the normal volume of synovial fluid?

  Less than 3.5 mL
• What volume of synovial fluid indicates inflammation?

  More than 25 mL
• What should be checked during the physical examination of synovial fluid?

  Color, clarity, and viscosity
• How much synovial fluid is needed for laboratory analysis?

  1 mL
• What are the distribution methods for synovial fluid analysis?

  1. Microbiology: Sodium heparin or SPS
  2. Hematology: Sodium heparin / liquid EDTA
  3. Chemistry: Nonanticoagulated
  4. Glucose analysis: Sodium fluoride
• What anticoagulants are used for Gram staining and culture?

  Sodium heparin or SPS
• What anticoagulant is used for hematology cell counting?

  Sodium heparin / liquid EDTA
• What is used for chemistry tests on synovial fluid?

  Nonanticoagulated tubes
• What is the purpose of sodium fluoride in glucose analysis?

  To preserve glucose in joint fluid