Serous, Duodenal, and Gastric Fluid

• What is serous fluid?

  Miscellaneous body fluid not routinely examined
• What does the term "serosal fluid" originate from?

  Latin word "serosus" meaning serum
• How does serous fluid typically appear?

  Pale-yellow and transparent
• Where is serous fluid found in the body?

  Inside body cavities like heart and lungs
• What is the primary purpose of serous fluid?

  To reduce friction from muscle movement
• How does serous fluid help the heart?

  It surrounds the heart to lessen friction
• How is serous fluid formed?

  As an ultrafiltrate of plasma
• What factors influence the production and reabsorption of serous fluid?

  Hydrostatic and colloidal (oncotic) pressure
• How is serous fluid collected?

  By needle aspiration procedure
• What does the term "effusion" refer to?

  Accumulation of fluid due to imbalance
• What are the two types of effusion?

  Exudate and transudate
• What is the normal volume of pleural fluid?

  Less than 30 mL
• What does pericardial fluid line?

  It lines the heart
• What is the normal volume of peritoneal fluid?

  Less than 100 mL
• What is the purpose of serous fluid?

  To lubricate the lining of the organs
• What is the visceral membrane?

  Membrane that directly lines the organ
• What is the role of the lymphatic system in serous fluid control?

  It removes excess fluid from cavities
• What causes transudate effusion?

  Systemic disorder disrupting fluid balance
• What is a common cause of transudate effusion?

  Congestive heart failure
• How does nephrotic syndrome lead to fluid accumulation?

  Albumin is excreted in urine
• What happens in liver cirrhosis regarding fluid accumulation?

  No albumin leads to fluid accumulation
• What causes increased hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels?

  Fluid leakage to the interstitium
• What is the effect of increased pressure in blood vessels?

  It leads to fluid accumulation
• What is nephrotic syndrome characterized by?

  Damaged shield of negativity of glomerulus
• What happens to albumin in nephrotic syndrome?

  It is excreted in the urine
• What role does albumin play in the body?

  It serves as oncotic pressure
• How does hydrostatic pressure affect fluid in blood vessels?

  It pushes fluid inside the blood vessels
• What happens without albumin in the blood?

  Continuous leakage of fluid to interstitium
• What is liver cirrhosis associated with?

  Liver dysfunction
• What is the main substance produced by the liver?

  Protein, specifically albumin
• What happens if there is no albumin in the body?

  No oncotic pressure, fluid accumulation occurs
• What are exudates produced by?

  Conditions involving the membrane of a cavity
• What conditions can lead to exudate production?

  Infection, malignancy, SLE
• What does increased permeability in endocarditis lead to?

  Increased fluid accumulation
• How does the lymphatic system affect fluid accumulation?

  Decreased absorption leads to more fluid
• What type of fluid is produced in exudative effusion?

  Fluid produced due to organ problems
• What are the differences between transudative and exudative effusions?

  Transudative:

  • Systemic problem
  • Low albumin
  • Decreased oncotic pressure

  
  

  Exudative:

  • Local membrane problem
  • No protein issues
  • Increased permeability
• What is the appearance of transudate fluid?

  Clear due to fewer substances
• What is typically decreased in transudate fluid?

  Protein and lactate dehydrogenase
• What is the appearance of exudate fluid?

  Cloudy, often due to infection