Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in a low population growth rate.
• Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates, leading to a rapid population growth rate.
• Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by declining birth rates and low death rates, resulting in a moderate population growth rate.
• Access to healthcare and medical advancements can significantly reduce death rates, leading to population growth.
• Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth rates and low death rates, resulting in a stable population growth rate.
• Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth rates and slightly higher death rates, possibly resulting in a small population decline.
• Infant Mortality rates are high in stage 1 because many children do not survive to adulthood. In stages 2+ Infant mortality rates drop significantly as most children survive to adulthood.
• Children are an economic asset in Stages 1 and 2 because many work on farms and contribute to the family income. Children are an economic burden in stages 3+. It can cost up to £200,000 to raise a child from 0-18 as a result couples choose to have fewer children to increase disposable income.
• Death rates were high in stage 1 due to poor food, bad healthcare and unclean water. In stages 2+ mechanisation of agriculture allows more food to be grown, healthcare is now in place and people are educated on clean water. Famine is reduced, diseases like cholera no longer are major issue.
• ALWAYS include figures from the graph if present
• Contraception and family planning is not available, and women occupy traditional roles in stages 1 and 2, resulting in high birth rates. in stages 3+ these become available and women change their roles, decreasing birth rates
• in stage 5, population begins to decrease as life expediencies increase crude death rate begins to rise.