Cellular Respiration

• What is Cellular Respiration?


  The process in which cells produce energy needed to survive. Glucose and oxygen are needed.
• Mitochondria


  Described as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it is the location of the ATP factory

  Distributed within the Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
• Cytoplasm


  The cellular respiration of prokaryotic cells happen here as they lack a mitochondria
• What are the two types of cellular respiration?

  Aerobic Cellular Respiration - Depends on Oxygen

  Anaerobic Cellular Respiration - Occurs in the absence of oxygen
• What are examples of Anaerobic cellular respiration?

  Alcohol fermentation

  Lactic acid formation
• Stages of Cellular Respiration

  1st stage: Glycolysis

  • The splitting of sugar
  • Can occur with or without oxygen
  • Glucose is broken down to pyruvate/pyruvic acid
  • Produces 4 ATP molecules (Overall net gain: 2 ATP)
  • Yields 2 NADH
  • Only 10% of energy from glucose is released
  • Remaining pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to yield more ATP
• Stages of Cellular Respiration

  2nd stage: The Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

  • Hans Krebs, british biochemist who won a nobel prize in 1953
  • Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
  • Requires presence of oxygen but does not use it directly
  • Series of chemical reactions within the cell
  • Transforms food into CO2, H2O, etc.
  • Pyruvic acid is transformed into acetyl CoA before the cyle
• Stages of Cellular Respiration

  3rd stage: The Electron Transport Chain

  • Release of large amounts of chemical energy
  • Most production of ATP and NADPH
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

  P - Takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells

  CR - Takes place in the mitochondria of sells

  P - Stores energy in glucose

  CR - Consumes glucose for cellular use

  P - Two phases: light and dark reaction

  CR - Three phases

  P - Makes use of CO2 and H2O as substrates

  CR - Uses O2 and C6H12O6 as substrates

  Both - Utilizes ATP at certain stages