Musco skeletal system

• What common injuries are discussed in relation to the knee?

  ACL tear
• What is the role of the iliopsoas muscle?

  Hip flexion
• What is the function of the gluteus maximus muscle?

  Hip extension and lateral rotation
• Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus muscle?

  Inferior gluteal nerve
• What is the Trendelenburg gait associated with?

  Contraction of gluteus minimus and medius on the stance side
• What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

  • Lateral: Sartorius
  • Medial: Adductor Longus
  • Superior: Inguinal ligament
  • Floor: Iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus
  • Roof: Fascia lata
• What is the nerve supply for the anterior compartment of the thigh?

  Femoral nerve
• What is the role of the popliteus muscle in the knee?

  Unlocks the femur at the end of extension
• What are the movements of the knee joint?

  • Flexion: Posterior thigh (Hamstrings)
  • Extension: Quadriceps
  • Locking/Unlocking: Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee
• What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint?

  Synovial joint
• What is the primary function of the talus in the foot?

  Articulates with tibia/fibula superiorly
• What structures are included in the foot anatomy?

  • Tarsus
  • Metatarsus
  • Phalanges (toes)
  • Talus and calcaneus
• What is the role of the calcaneus in the foot?

  Forms the heel of the foot
• What is the significance of the tarsal tunnel?

  • Contains important structures:
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Posterior tibial artery and vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus
• What is the clinical significance of the adductor hiatus?

  Femoral artery and vein pass through to become popliteal artery and vein
• What is the role of the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg?

  They contain muscles responsible for plantarflexion and toe flexion
• How do the tibiofibular joints differ in structure?

  Superior is a synovial joint, inferior is a fibrous joint
• What is the function of the quadriceps muscle group?

  Knee extension
• What is the primary action of the hamstrings?

  Knee flexion
• What is the significance of the iliac fossa?

  It serves as the origin for the iliopsoas muscle
• What is the role of the fascia lata?

  It forms the roof of the femoral triangle
• What is the function of the tensor fascia lata muscle?

  Hip abduction and flexion
• What is the primary function of the gluteus medius muscle?

  Hip abduction and medial rotation
• What is the role of the iliacus muscle?

  Hip flexion
• What is the significance of the intercondylar eminence?

  It is a bony prominence between the condyles of the tibia
• What is the role of the soleal line on the tibia?

  It serves as an attachment point for the soleus muscle
• What is the primary action of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

  Foot eversion
• What is the function of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

  Plantarflexion and toe flexion
• What is the primary role of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

  Flexes the big toe
• What is the significance of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon?

  It connects the calf muscles to the heel bone
• What is the primary function of the tibialis posterior muscle?

  Foot inversion and plantarflexion
• What is the role of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

  Flexes the toes
• What is the primary action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

  Dorsiflexion of the foot
• What is the significance of the anterior tibial artery?

  It supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the leg
• What is the primary function of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg?

  Foot eversion
• What is the role of the superficial posterior compartment muscles?

  They assist in plantarflexion of the foot
• What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

  Plantarflexion of the foot
• What is the significance of the popliteal artery?

  It supplies blood to the knee and posterior leg
• What is the primary function of the peroneus longus muscle?

  Foot eversion
• What is the role of the peroneus brevis muscle?

  Assists in foot eversion