Nervous system

• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
• What are the roles of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

  The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions
• What is the limbic system responsible for?

  Control of memory and emotions
• What are the major components of the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

  Meninges
• What are the three meningeal layers?

  Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
• What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

  It cushions the brain and spinal cord and provides nutrients
• What are the main divisions of the nervous system based on function?

  • Motor: Control of motor function
  • Sensory: Control of sensory function
  • Limbic System: Control of memory and emotions
• What are the major regions of the brain?

  Forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum
• What is the function of the thalamus?

  It acts as a relay station for sensory information
• What is the function of the hypothalamus?

  It regulates homeostasis and emotional responses
• What is the role of the basal ganglia?

  Memory processing, emotional responses, and decision making
• What is the structure of grey and white matter in the spinal cord?

  Grey matter is butterfly-shaped with anterior and posterior horns, while white matter surrounds it
• What are the functions of the spinal cord?

  It serves as a reflex center and a conduction pathway for impulses
• How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

  12 pairs
• What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses
• What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  It promotes 'rest and digest' functions
• What are the two types of neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

  • Preganglionic neuron
  • Postganglionic neuron
• What is the structure of spinal nerves?

  They are connected to the spinal cord by a dorsal and ventral root
• What is a ganglion?

  A cluster of neural cell bodies outside the CNS
• What is the total number of spinal nerves?

  31 pairs
• What is the role of receptors in the peripheral nervous system?

  They record various stimuli and transmit information to the CNS
• What are the functions of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Sympathetic: 'fight or flight'
  • Parasympathetic: 'rest and digest'
• What is the function of the Circle of Willis?

  It provides blood supply to the brain
• What is the significance of the spinal cord's inferior end?

  It is normally located at the L1-L2 vertebra
• What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

  It controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  It coordinates voluntary movements and balance
• What is the role of the brainstem?

  It connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions
• What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

  It generates voluntary motion
• What is the function of Wernicke's area?

  It is responsible for speech sensory coordination
• What is the function of Broca's area?

  It is responsible for speech motor coordination
• What is the function of the primary visual cortex?

  It records visual stimuli
• What is the role of the primary somatosensory cortex?

  It records general sensations from various parts of the body
• What is the significance of the dorsal and ventral roots in spinal nerves?

  Dorsal roots carry sensory information, while ventral roots carry motor information
• What is the difference between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

  Preganglionic neurons are short in the sympathetic system and long in the parasympathetic system
• What is the role of the sympathetic trunk?

  It connects sympathetic ganglia and distributes autonomic impulses