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social influence
obedience
situational variables affecting obedience
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A03
psychology paper 1 > social influence > obedience > situational variables affecting obedience
5 cards
Cards (21)
define situational variables?
refers to
features
of a
setting
/
environment
that
influences behaviour
name 3 situational variables?
proximity
uniform
location
proximity?
original - experimenter was in
same
room
as p to give instructions -
65%
obeyed
to give
450v
variation - experimenter gave
instructions
via
phone
call
obedience
rates dropped to
20%
for
450v
link proximity situational explanation?
agentic shift
is
less likely
to occur when
proximity
between person
giving
&
receving
orders is
greater
leads to
lower
levels of
obedience
if you are
far away
from person
giving
order
you are
less likely
to see them as
responsible
for your
actions
remain
autonomous
uniform?
original -
experimenter
wore
grey lab coat
-
65%
obeyed
to give
450v
variation -
orders
given by
confederate
wearing
ordinary clothes
obedience
rates
dropped
to
20%
link uniform to situational explanations?
uniforms
are used in
society
to
notify
us who is in
position
of
responsibility
such as those in
police
/
security guard
obedience increases
when
uniform
indicates
legitimate authority
location?
original -
yale uni
-
prestigious environment
variation - in
run down offices
in
working class
of
bridgeport
obedience rates dropped from
65%
to
47.5%
link location to situational explanations?
some locations
increase
/
decrease legitimacy
of
authority
if
order
comes from
location linked
with
legitimacy
it is
likely
it will
obeyed
in
comparison
to
less legitimate location
3 X of situational variables affecting obedience?
critique
of
methodology
lacks
ecological
validity
unethical
* evidence to support findings from hoflings nurses?
experiment where
doctor
(who wears
uniform
) asked
nurses
to give
larger
dosage
of drug to patients that
could
kill
them
20
/
21
nurses
obeyed
due to doctors wearing
uniform
causing nurses to
perceive
them as a
legitimate
authority
figure
shows
uniform
is
sign
of
legitimacy
in
society
makes d.o occur even if order is
unjust
/
immoral
X critique of methodology?
as
field
experiment
bickmans
fidings may have
more relevance
to
situational variables
than
lab studies
by
milgram
his research was in
controlled artificial environment
lacking
natural behaviour
from p
bickmans
research conducted in
real world
making it more
ecologically valid
ecological
milgrams
variation
does not provide
empirical
evidence for
factors
affecting
obedience
2 * of situational variables?
evidence to
support
role
uniform
plays from
bickman
evidence to
support
from
hofling
* evidence to support uniform from bickman?
conducted
field
experiment
where
confederate
dressed in either
casual
jacket
/
milkman
uniform/
security
guard
jacket
asked real p in
park
to
pick
up
litter
more obedience when wearing
security
uniform
(
76%
)
when wearing
casual
jacket
obedience was
30%
mans
uniform
made him appear
more
/
less
like
legitimate
authority
empirical
evidence for
uniform
shows how
uniform
can impact
levels
of
obedience
in
real
world
X lacks ecological validity?
milgrams variations
conducted in
controlled setting
using
artificial task
experimenter
gave instructions via
phone call
telling p to give
electric shock
for
incorrect response
orne
&
holland
claim that his study
lacks experimental realism
75%
in
variations
assumed that
victim
was not really
hurt
results
cannot be
generalised
to
impacts
of
variables
on
real life obedience levels
X unethical?
p were
unaware
of
true aim
of
study
were told study was about
punishment
&
learning
when it was about
obedience
to
authority
breaks
deception
could not give
fully informed consent
p suffered great deal of
stress breaks protection
from
harm
- believed were
harming
someone
may be more
ethical ways
to
investigate
& see which
factors
affect
levels
of
obedience
what is proximity?
distance
between person
giving
&
receiving
orders
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