Lesson 15-16

• What are the two main factors that determine the state of matter?

  The forces holding particles together and the kinetic energy present
• How does kinetic energy affect the state of matter?

  Kinetic energy tends to 'pull' particles apart
• Why do gases have a higher kinetic energy compared to solids or liquids?

  Because their particles move a lot more
• What happens to gas particles as temperature increases?

  They move faster, increasing kinetic energy
• What is the value of Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SAP) in kPa?

  101.325 kPa
• How many mm Hg are equivalent to 1 atm?

  760 mm Hg
• What is the relationship between Celsius and Kelvin temperatures?

  K = ºC + 273
• Why is it important to use absolute temperature when working with gases?

  Because calculations involving gases require a reference point above absolute zero
• What are Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws?

  • Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2 (at constant temperature)
  • Charles' Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 (at constant pressure)
  • Gay-Lussac's Law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 (at constant volume)
• What happens to the volume in a syringe when the plunger is pushed down?

  The volume decreases
• What does Boyle's Law express mathematically?

  P1V1 = P2V2 at constant temperature
• What happens to the temperature of gas in a balloon placed in liquid nitrogen?

  The temperature decreases
• What is the relationship between volume and absolute temperature according to Charles' Law?

  They are directly proportional at constant mass and pressure
• What happens to the pressure of gas in a heated balloon with fixed volume?

  The pressure increases
• What does Gay-Lussac's Law express mathematically?

  P1/T1 = P2/T2 at constant volume
• What is the combined gas law used for?

  To describe the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas
• What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?

  PV = nRT
• What does the constant R represent in the Ideal Gas Law?

  R = 0.0821 L x atm/mol x K
• What happens to the pressure of an enclosed gas as its temperature increases, if the volume is constant?

  The pressure increases
• What happens to the volume of an enclosed gas as its temperature increases, if the pressure is constant?

  The volume increases
• What are the mathematical expressions for Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws?

  • Boyle’s Law: P1V1 = P2V2
  • Charles’s Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2
  • Gay-Lussac’s Law: P1/T1 = P2/T2
• What is the combined gas law equation?

  P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2