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Geography
The Carbon Cycle
Unit 1
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Created by
Charlie Gibbons
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Cards (26)
How much carbon does the biosphere contain?
560
billion tonnes
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What percentage of
carbon
is contained in the biosphere?
0.0012
%
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How much carbon is in the atmosphere?
750
billion tonnes
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By what percentage has atmospheric carbon increased in the past
100
years?
36
%
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How much carbon does the hydrosphere contain?
38
,
000
billion
tonnes
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What percentage of carbon in the hydrosphere exists as bicarbonate?
90
%
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What percentage of carbon is found in the pedosphere?
0.0031
%
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What percentage of all carbon is contained in the lithosphere?
99.9
%
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What is the time span of the
slow
carbon cycle?
100
-
200
million years
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What causes chemical weathering of rocks in the slow carbon cycle?
Carbonic
acid from CO2 and water vapor
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How is acid rain formed?
When
sulfur
or
nitrogen
oxides
mix with water
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What happens when acid rain hits calcium carbonate (limestone)?
CO2 and calcium
bicarbonate
are created
Bubbles
can be seen
The rock is calved, creating
karst
landscapes
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Where does the calcium bicarbonate go after being transported by rivers?
To the sea where it is used in
shells
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What happens to shells when animals die?
They sink and
accumulate
on the
ocean floor
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What is the process called when shells compact to form rocks?
Lithification
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How much carbon is returned to the atmosphere annually through subduction and volcanic activity?
200
million tonnes
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What is the life span of carbon in the
fast
carbon cycle?
109
,
000
million tonnes of carbon move through it annually
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How does CO2 move in the ocean during the fast carbon cycle?
It diffuses and is moved by
thermohaline
currents
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What is the process called when CO2 is transferred down to the ocean floor?
Downwelling
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What role do phytoplankton play in the biological pump?
They
photosynthesize
and absorb
carbon
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What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions are accounted for by wildfires?
20
%
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What would happen to wildfires if global average temperatures rise by
1.5
°C?
Wildfires would increase by
40
%
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What percentage of wildfires is caused by physical factors?
10
%
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What percentage of global energy comes from fossil fuels?
85
%
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By how much have global average temperatures risen since
1880
?
2
°C
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What were the consequences of the
2019
wildfires in Australia?
3 deaths
150 hectares destroyed
850
,
000
acres burnt
Strong
winds
and
drought
Temperatures over
30
°C
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