Edward Jenner

• What did Jenner realise about milkmaids?

  if they caught cowpox, they didn't catch smallpox
• How did he prove his smallpox theory?

  by repeating the Phipps experiment 23 times
• When did the government make the vaccine compulsory?

  1852 - however the government had a laissez-faire attitude to interfering with health
• When did the government start strictly enforcing the vaccine?

  1872 - people would be fined for not having their children vaccinated
• How much did Jenner receive from the government for testing?

  £30,000
• Who didn't support Jenner and why?

  • The Royal Society didn't support because the Church didn't support him
  • Doctors who made money from inoculation
  • The Church didn't like him using a disease from a cow
• When was the smallpox epidemic?

  1837-40
• What year did Jenner develop a vaccine that would prevent smallpox?

  1796
• How did Jenner test his theory about smallpox?

  • Selected a healthy eight year old boy called James Phipps
  • Took cowpox from a sore on a milkmaid's hand and inserted it into Phipps' body via two cuts
  • Observed that Phipps experienced uneasiness, a loss of appetite and a headache as a result of the disease but became well again
  • Phipps was then inoculated with smallpox but no disease followed
• What did Jenner do in 1798?

  Published a book describing how to prevent people catching smallpox by injecting them with cowpox
• What did WHO declare in 1980?

  That smallpox had been completely wiped out