Unit 3- church

• Why was there a need for church reform in 1066

  • many positions in the church were being sold (simony)
  • Church was becoming very rich and almost as powerful as the king
  • Members of the clergy were getting married
• Why was the Church so rich

  • Villages had to give one tenth of what they produced to the church
  • Tax and rent given to them (tithe)
• What did William to reform the church

  • Appointed Lanfranc to become the Archbishop of Canterbury to carry out reforms
• What were Lanfranc’s reforms

  • Establishing synods
  • Moving cathedrals and churches to larger towns and cities
  • Made a new church hierarchy
  • Developed parishes and role of parish priests
  • Ended marriage amongst the clergy
• How did synods help reform the church

  • Church councils that helped spread the message of reform
  • Bishops held their own council twice a year -improving their authority over their diocese
• How did moving cathedrals to larger populated places help reform

  Bishops controlled a diocese from where the cathedral was built. after the Norman conquest, one third of bishops moved to more populated towns meaning cathedrals were also moved to help centralise the church and give bishops more authority
• How did the new church hierarchy help reform

  • more centralised system as each level was answerable to the person above
  • Archdeacons and deans were new appointments
  • Gave bishops more control over their diocese
• What were Anglo-Saxon cathedrals like

  • Built out of wood
  • Simple and old-fashioned
• What are features of Norman Architecture

  • Romanesque style
  • Grander - displayed Norman power and prestige
  • high ceilings
  • Rounded arches
  • Built of stone
  • Decorative columns
  • Show that god favoured the regimes
  • Permanent reminder of the Norman conquest
• What was the relationship with the pope like with William I

  Had a good relationship with Pope Alexander II as he gave him the papal banner to invade England and they both agreed to reform the Church in England and make it similar to European countries. but refused to swear loyalty to Pope Gregory VII
• what was the relationship with the pope like with William Rufus

  Rufus gave away many titles which upset Pope Gregory and caused conflict between European leaders
• What was relationship with the pope like with Henry I

  A lot of tensions as Henry wanted bishops to pay homage to him instead of the pope but threatened by the pope with excommunication if he didn’t bring Anselm back after he had exiled him
• What were monasteries for

  • Place of worship for monks
  • Housed pilgrims
  • a place of learning
  • infirmaries
• Why were monasteries in need for reform

  • Number of monks were decreasing
  • Monks were not following their vows of poverty, chastity, obedience and manual labour
• how were monasteries reformed

  • more monasteries were built so number of monks increased from 1000-5000
  • cluniac monks were introduced who were stricter than Benedictine monks
  • Church leaders were gradually changed from anglo-Saxon to norman