Lesson 7-8 (AI-Made)

• What are the three main ways a computer can process a program?

  Sequence, selection (branching), and repetition (looping)
• What are control structures in programming?

  They are building blocks that dictate the flow of a program’s execution
• How do control structures affect applications or programs?

  They make applications dynamic and responsive to different scenarios
• What are the different types of selection structures in programming?

  • One-Way Selection
  • Two-Way Selection
  • Multiple Selections
  • Compound (Block) Statements
  • Nested Selections
  • Switch Structure
  • Conditional Operator
• What is a one-way selection structure also known as?

  Single alternative structure
• What happens in a one-way selection structure when the condition is false?

  It skips the control structure block and proceeds to the next statement
• What is the reserved word used in a one-way selection structure?

  If
• What is the role of the expression in a one-way selection structure?

  It is the logical expression that results in either TRUE or FALSE
• What is a two-way selection structure also known as?

  Double alternative structure
• What occurs in a two-way selection structure when the condition is true?

  A certain block of statements is executed
• What reserved words are used in a two-way selection structure?

  If and else
• What must every else be paired with in a multiple selections structure?

  An if
• What is the purpose of a multiple selections structure?

  To evaluate multiple conditions or possible outcomes
• How do if…else statements differ from a series of if statements?

  If…else statements skip the rest if the first condition is true
• What is a compound statement in C++?

  A structure that allows multiple or complex statements
• What encloses a compound statement?

  Curly braces
• What is a nested if selection structure?

  An if statement within another if statement
• What is the purpose of a switch structure?

  To execute different parts of code based on a single value
• What types of values is a switch structure typically used for?

  Integers, characters, or enumerated types
• What is the role of the break statement in a switch structure?

  It causes the switch structure to exit
• What is the conditional operator also known as?

  Ternary operator
• How many arguments does the conditional operator take?

  Three
• What does the cin.fail() function do in C++?

  It checks if the input value is valid
• What is the purpose of the try and catch in exception handling?

  To handle errors and unexpected events gracefully
• What does the throw keyword do in exception handling?

  It is used to throw an exception
• What is short-circuit evaluation?

  A process where the computer evaluates a logical expression from left to right
• How does the logical AND (&&) work in short-circuit evaluation?

  If the first expression is FALSE, the rest will not be evaluated
• How does the logical OR (||) work in short-circuit evaluation?

  If the first expression is TRUE, the rest will not be evaluated
• What are the parameters of the cin.fail() function in input validation?

  • cin.fail(): checks if the input failed
  • cin.clear(): resets the failure state of cin object
  • cin.ignore(n, delim): skips or discards characters in the input buffer
• What is the syntax for exception handling in C++?

  try {

  // code that might throw an exception

  }

  catch (exception_type exception_object) {

  // Code to handle the exception

  }
• What is the role of the break statement in a switch structure?

  It exits the switch structure to prevent fall-through
• What is the purpose of the default case in a switch structure?

  It executes if no case matches the value of the expression
• What is a conditional operator in C++?

  It is a shorthand for an if-else statement using the ?: symbol
• What are the three components of a conditional operator?

  expression1, expression2, and expression3
• What is short-circuit evaluation?

  It evaluates a logical expression from left to right and stops as soon as the final value is known