Indian Wars 1862-68

• Who is Little Crow?

  A warrior leader of the Dakota Sioux
• What was the main reason for Little Crow's War in 1862?

  The Sioux were desperate due to hunger and unfulfilled government promises
• What did Little Crow initially believe about the possibility of winning the war?

  He did not believe it was possible to win
• What was the outcome for the Sioux after Little Crow's War?

  Many Sioux were sentenced to death, and survivors were moved to a barren reservation
• How many Sioux were sentenced to death after Little Crow's War?

  400 Sioux were sentenced, but only 38 were executed
• Why did President Lincoln limit the executions after Little Crow's War?

  To avoid inflaming relations with other Indian groups during the Civil War
• What happened to Little Crow after the war?

  He died in a firefight with settlers
• Who led the troops during the Sand Creek Massacre?

  Colonel Chivington
• What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

  A brutal attack by US Army soldiers on Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes
• What motivated Colonel Chivington's actions during the Sand Creek Massacre?

  He sought to prove his men were capable of victory
• What was the outcome of the Sand Creek Massacre?

  Over 150 Indians, mostly women and children, were killed
• What did Black Kettle represent during the Sand Creek Massacre?

  He was a leader of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes
• What symbol did the Indians use to indicate surrender during the Sand Creek Massacre?

  A United States flag with a white flag attached
• What was the impact of the Sand Creek Massacre on Indian tribes' trust in the government?

  It further reduced trust between the tribes and the government
• What are the basic details of Little Crow's War?

  • Year: 1862
  • Leader: Little Crow (Dakota Sioux)
  • Cause: Hunger and unfulfilled government promises
  • Outcome: 400 Sioux sentenced, 38 executed
• What are the basic details of the Sand Creek Massacre?

  • Year: 1864
  • Leaders: Black Kettle (Cheyenne) vs. Colonel Chivington (US Army)
  • Outcome: Over 150 Indians killed, mostly women and children
  • Impact: Reduced trust in the government
• What did the government promise to Indian tribes during the Civil War?

  Compensation and a large reservation
• How did the government's actions affect trust among Indian tribes?

  It further reduced trust due to the government's refusal to compensate the Cheyenne and Arapaho
• What does the phrase "not exactly happy stuff" imply about the treatment of Indians during this period?

  It suggests that the treatment was largely negative and involved many hardships
• What was Red Cloud's War of 1866 about?

  • Red Cloud was a chief of the Lakota Sioux.
  • He fought against the US Army to defend his land.
  • The war involved a significant defeat for the US Army at the hands of Sioux warriors.
• Who was Captain Fetterman?

  A US Army officer involved in Red Cloud's War
• What tactic did Red Cloud use to defeat Captain Fetterman?

  He lured Fetterman into a trap
• How many soldiers were killed in the ambush of Captain Fetterman?

  80 soldiers
• Where did the ambush of Captain Fetterman take place?

  On Sioux lands along the Bozeman trail
• What was the main cause of the fighting during Red Cloud's War?

  The anger of the Sioux over white settlers trespassing on their land
• What was the significance of the Bozeman trail in the context of Red Cloud's War?

  It was used by white settlers after the discovery of gold in Montana
• How did the US government's actions before talks with Red Cloud affect the situation?

  It indicated that the government was not negotiating in good faith
• What were the outcomes of Red Cloud's War?

  • The US government was shocked by the defeat and agreed to discuss peace terms.
  • This led to the second Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.
• What was the second Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868?

  • A peace treaty between the US government and the Sioux.
  • It included terms regarding land and settlement.
• What did the Sioux agree to in the second Fort Laramie Treaty?

  To have Red Cloud lead his people back to the Sioux Reservation
• Who refused to sign the second Fort Laramie Treaty?

  Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
• What did the US government agree to in the second Fort Laramie Treaty regarding the Bozeman trail?

  To close the Bozeman trail and prevent unauthorized white settlement
• What was the significance of the Black Hills to the Sioux?

  It was a sacred site for the Sioux
• How did the US government violate the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty?

  They allowed a railroad to be built through the Black Hills
• What happened when gold was discovered in the Black Hills?

  Gold prospectors flooded into the area, leading to conflict
• What were the consequences of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868?

  • The Sioux faced continued encroachment on their land.
  • The treaty was not honored by the US government, leading to further conflicts.
• What should students do after studying the events discussed in the lesson?

  List the main events in order and describe each
• What is the purpose of the exam-style question mentioned at the end of the lesson?

  To explain two consequences of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
• How should students approach answering the exam-style question about the Fort Laramie Treaty?

  By explaining what the treaty agreed and what really happened as a result
• What adjectives could describe the situation of the Indians during this time?

  • Oppressed
  • Displaced
  • Resilient