Respiration

• Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

  In the cytoplasm
• What are the four key stages of respiration mentioned in the video?

  Glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
• What is produced during glycolysis?

  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 reduced NAD
• What happens to triose phosphate during glycolysis?

  It is oxidized to form pyruvate
• What is the first step in glycolysis?

  Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose phosphate
• How many ATP molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose during glycolysis?

  2 ATP molecules
• What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

  2 ATP
• What is the role of reduced NAD in respiration?

  It acts as a coenzyme that carries electrons
• What does acetate combine with to enter the Krebs cycle?

  Coenzyme A
• What is produced during the link reaction from pyruvate?

  Acetate, carbon dioxide, and reduced NAD
• What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis in aerobic respiration?

  It is transported into the mitochondrial matrix
• How many times does the link reaction occur for each glucose molecule?

  Twice
• What are the products of one cycle of the Krebs cycle?

  3 reduced NAD, 1 reduced FAD, 1 ATP, and 2 carbon dioxide
• What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation?

  Oxygen
• How many ATP molecules are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?

  34 ATP molecules
• What creates the electrochemical gradient during oxidative phosphorylation?

  The active transport of protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
• What is the main purpose of anaerobic respiration?

  To re-oxidize NAD so glycolysis can continue
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactate or lactic acid
• Why is lactic acid a problem in anaerobic respiration?

  It can denature enzymes and other proteins
• What do microbes produce during anaerobic respiration?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is the consequence of ethanol production in microbes?

  It can be harmful but allows glycolysis to continue