Ethical issues and ways of dealing with them

• What is the responsibility of researchers in psychology regarding their participants?

  To look after their participants
• What are participants' rights in psychological research?

  Participants have rights such as informed consent, right to withdraw, and protection from harm
• Who decides the ethical guidelines for psychological research in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society (BPS)
• What is the purpose of the BPS's ethical guidelines?

  To provide advice for psychologists
• What happens if a psychologist seriously mistreats participants?

  They would likely be expelled as a member of the BPS
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Participants must be aware of the aims, purpose, and consequences of the research
• Who can give consent if participants are unable to do so?

  A parent or guardian
• What does the right to withdraw entail for participants?

  Participants can end their participation at any stage
• What must researchers consider regarding protection from harm?

  They must consider the participant's psychological well-being, physical health, personal values, and dignity
• What is the purpose of debriefing after a study?

  To inform participants about the research reasons, outcomes, and check for harm
• What should be done with personal records in psychological research?

  They should be kept securely
• When can confidentiality be broken in research?

  When a participant or someone else is in danger
• How did Milgram's study breach ethical guidelines?

  It breached informed consent, right to withdraw, protection from harm, and confidentiality
• What are demand characteristics in psychological research?

  When participants alter their behavior because they are aware of the research aim
• What is retroactive consent?

  Consent obtained after participants have taken part in the research
• What is prior general consent?

  Participants agree to a list of potential research activities without knowing which will be included
• What is presumptive consent?

  Asking a similar group if they would agree to participate and assuming the experimental group would agree
• What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?

  Comparing potential costs to participants with the potential benefits to society
• What role does an ethics committee play in research?

  They consider if research should be carried out based on ethical principles
• What can be discussed during debriefing?

  Revealing deception, existence of groups, right to withdraw, and checking for harm
• What are the ethical issues in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What should a researcher do if they need to break an ethical guideline?

  • Conduct a cost-benefit analysis
  • Seek approval from an ethics committee
  • Ensure participant safety is prioritized
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using deception in psychological research?

  Strengths:

  • Can prevent demand characteristics
  • Allows for more natural behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Breaches informed consent
  • Can cause emotional distress
• What should be included in a debriefing form for participants?

  • Purpose of the study
  • Any deception used
  • Right to withdraw data
  • Support for any harm caused
• What are the main ethical guidelines set by the BPS?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing