Self report techniques

• What self-report techniques will be covered in the video?

  Questionnaires and interviews
• What is a self-report technique?

  A research technique where participants respond to questions revealing personal information
• What is an interview in the context of self-report techniques?

  A real-time conversation with a researcher, either face-to-face, over the phone, or via text
• What is a questionnaire?

  A list of pre-prepared questions sent to participants for them to fill out and return
• What is the difference between open and closed questions?

  Open questions allow any response, while closed questions limit responses to specific options
• What type of data do open questions provide?

  Qualitative data in the form of words
• What type of data do closed questions provide?

  Quantitative data in the form of numbers
• Why is it easier to compare responses with closed questions?

  Because they provide quantitative data that can be easily analyzed
• What is social desirability bias in self-report techniques?

  When participants lie to appear favorable to the researcher
• What is the purpose of filler questions in questionnaires and interviews?

  To put participants at ease or to hide the true aims of the study
• What are the three types of interviews mentioned?

  Structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews
• What is a structured interview?

  An interview where the researcher has a full list of questions asked in order
• What is an unstructured interview?

  An informal conversation with no prepared questions, focusing on a general topic
• What is a semi-structured interview?

  An interview that combines prepared questions with the ability to ask new ones
• What is the advantage of using structured interviews?

  They allow for easier comparison of responses since all interviewees have the same experience
• What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?

  They do not allow for follow-up questions on interesting points raised by interviewees
• What is a key advantage of unstructured interviews?

  They allow for the development of rapport and can lead to more personal information
• What is a disadvantage of unstructured interviews?

  They require a highly trained interviewer and are hard to compare
• What is a key feature of semi-structured interviews?

  They have both fixed questions and the flexibility to ask new questions
• What is acquiescence bias?

  A tendency for participants to agree with every question
• What is a strength of self-report techniques?

  They are easy to replicate and can provide detailed information
• What is a weakness of questionnaires compared to interviews?

  Problematic questions cannot be addressed in real-time
• How can researchers check for acquiescence bias?

  By asking a similar question later in the questionnaire but phrasing it oppositely
• What is a strength of interviews compared to questionnaires?

  Interviewers can rephrase difficult questions and build rapport
• What is a disadvantage of interviews?

  They require a highly trained interviewer, leading to smaller sample sizes
• How can the characteristics of an interviewer influence responses?

  They can affect how comfortable participants feel and their willingness to share information
• What are interviewer effects?

  Differences in responses based on the characteristics of the interviewer
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of self-report techniques?

  Strengths:

  • Easy to replicate
  • Provides detailed information
  • Can use both open and closed questions for data analysis

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Susceptible to bias, especially social desirability bias
  • Problematic questions can't be addressed in real-time
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews?

  Structured Interviews:

  • Advantages: Easy to compare responses, no need for trained interviewers
  • Disadvantages: No follow-up questions allowed

  
  

  Unstructured Interviews:

  • Advantages: Develop rapport, can explore interesting points
  • Disadvantages: Hard to compare, requires highly trained interviewers

  
  

  Semi-Structured Interviews:

  • Advantages: Mix of fixed and flexible questions
  • Disadvantages: Still requires trained interviewers
• What are the implications of social desirability bias and acquiescence bias in self-report techniques?

  • Social desirability bias: Participants may lie to appear favorable
  • Acquiescence bias: Participants may agree with every question, leading to inaccurate data
• What are the key considerations when designing questionnaires and interviews?

  • Ensure clarity of questions
  • Avoid complex terminology
  • Be cautious of biased or leading questions
  • Consider piloting the questionnaire or interview
• What are the potential effects of interviewer characteristics on participant responses?

  • Interviewer gender, ethnicity, and personality can influence responses
  • Participants may feel more comfortable with interviewers of similar demographics