U6 L2: Political and Leadership Structures

• this is the systematic study of the state and government

  political science
• origin of the term political science:

  • polis - city, sovereign state
  • scire - to know; science
• this is area of study is concerned with the study of the state, nation, government, politics, and policies of government

  political science
• this area of study deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, analysis of political systems, political behavior, and political culture

  political science
• any entity involved in the political process; existence of groups for the purposes of controlling people's behavior and maintaining social order or the distribution of power within a group

  political organization
• this includes political institutions, political parties, political GROUPS like advocacy groups, interest groups, etc.

  political organization
• societies differ in their political organization based on three key dimensions:

  a, extent to which political institutions are distinct from other aspects of social structure

  b, extent to which authority is concentrated into specific political roles

  c, level of political integration
• there are four main types of political organizations:

  1. band
  2. tribes
  3. chiefdom
  4. state
• this type of political organization is a basic social unit found in many foraging societies. it's very small, often nomadic, often hunter gatherers, and are egalitarian societies


  band
• determine the type of political organization: kinship-based

  band
• determine the type of political organization: 20 to 50 people

  band
• determine the type of political organization: leadership is informal and often changes, and authority is based on respect, not coercive power

  band
• determine the type of political organization: integrated by kinship and marriage, not politics. that's why conflicts are minimal and solved informally. it also has no political allegiances

  band
• determine the type of political organization: it has a flexible membership and may make up larger groups that congregate from time to time

  band
• determine the type of political organization: has no permanent political structure

  band
• determine the type of political organization: most often hunter-gatherers

  band
• determine the type of political organization: often nomadic

  band
• determine the type of political organization: they are egalitarian societies

  band
• this term refers to a group moving from place to place in search for food

  nomadic
• this refer to the society in which the persons of the same age and gender are seen as equals

  egalitarian
• determine the type of political organization: action based on group consensus

  band
• this type of political structure comprises of several bands or lineage groups and has a similar language, lifestyle, and distinct territory. they are more formal but kinship is still the primary basis for membership

  tribes
• determine the type of political organization: often connected through clan structure where people claim descent from a common ancestor

  tribes
• determine the type of political organization: 100 to several thousands people

  tribes
• this refers to the structure wherein people claim descent from a common ancestor

  clan structure
• determine the type of political organization: associated with horticulture and pastoralism

  tribe
• determine the type of political organization: leadership more formal and relies on leadership qualification: hardworker, generous, in charge of determining movements of people and herds

  tribes
• this is a type of political organization wherein it is headed by a chief who holds power over more than one community group, not egalitarian, and practice redistribution

  chiefdom
• determine the type of political organization: headed by a chief


  chiefdom
• determine the type of political organization: not egalitarian, his family holds the power, chief is chosen by heredity

  chiefdom
• determine the type of political organization: practice redistribution: goods accumulated in one central power and decides how to allocate them among people

  chiefdom
• determine the type of political organization: where chief is incharge of handling disputes, planning raids, it is also made in conjunction with an advisory council

  chiefdom
• a type of political organization where a community of people is permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, has a government, and has a hierarchy within it

  state
• determine the type of political organization: centralized political unit, governs a large pop., with a hierarchy of political positions and power to enforce its decisions

  state
• determine the type of political organization: most formal and complex political organization

  state
• there are three types of political authority:

  1. legal
  2. traditional
  3. charismatic
• this refers to the power/right to give commandments, enforce obedience, gtake action, make final decsions, jurisdiction

  authority
• this type of political authority is based on a system of rules that is applied administratively and judicially in accordance with known principles

  legal authority
• this type of political authority is where the person who administers rules are elected by legal procedures

  legal authority
• this type of political authority has their superiors subject to rules that limit their powers, seperate their lives from official duties, and require written documentation

  legal authority